Biogeochemistry of the stable isotopes of hydrogen and carbon in salt marsh biota.
Bruce N. Smith,Samuel Epstein +1 more
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TLDR
Data suggest that different mechanisms for carbon fixation result in different fractionations of the carbon isotopes, and apparently different metabolic processes are responsible for the different degrees of fractionation observed for hydrogen and carbon isotope.Abstract:
Deuterium to hydrogen ratios of 14 plant species from a
salt marsh and lagoon were 55‰ depleted in deuterium relative
to the environmental water. Carbon tetrachloride-extractable
material from these plants was another 92‰ depleted in deuterium. This gave a fractionation factor from
water to CCl_4, extract of 1.147. This over-all fractionation was
remarkably constant for all species analyzed. Plants also
discriminate against ^(13)C, particularly in the lipid fraction.
Data suggest that different mechanisms for carbon fixation
result in different fractionations of the carbon isotopes.
Herbivore tissues reflected the isotopic ratios of plants ingested.
Apparently different metabolic processes are responsible for the different degrees of fractionation observed
for hydrogen and carbon isotopes.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Influence of diet on the distribution of nitrogen isotopes in animals
Michael J. DeNiro,Samuel Epstein +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of diet on the distribution of nitrogen isotopes in animals was investigated by analyzing animals grown in the laboratory on diets of constant nitrogen isotopic composition and found that the variability of the relationship between the δ(15)N values of animals and their diets is greater for different individuals raised on the same diet than for the same species raised on different diets.
Influence of Diet On the Distribtion of Nitrogen Isotopes in Animals
Michael J. DeNiro,Samuel Epstein +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of diet on the distribution of nitrogen isotopes in animals was investigated by analyzing animals grown in the laboratory on diets of constant nitrogen isotopic composition and found that the variability of the relationship between the δ^(15)N values of animals and their diets is greater for different individuals raised on the same diet than for the same species raised on different diets.
Journal ArticleDOI
Carbon isotope fractionation in plants
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a mathematical model to predict the overall isotope discrimination in terms of diffusion, interconversion, incorporation, and respiration in C 3, C 4 and crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthetic pathways.
Book ChapterDOI
δ13C Measurements as Indicators of Carbon Flow in Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems
B. Fry,E. B. Sherr +1 more
TL;DR: Stable isotope ratios provide clues about the origins and transformations of organic matter and have been used as a tool for understanding complex ecological processes as mentioned in this paper, which has prompted increasing use of stable isotope analyses as a method to understand complex biological processes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanism of carbon isotope fractionation associated with lipid synthesis
Michael J. DeNiro,Samuel Epstein +1 more
TL;DR: In vitro analysis of the kinetic isotope effects of this reaction indicates that there will be a large, temperature-dependent difference in the carbon-13/carbon-12 ratio between the methyl and carbonyl carbon atoms of acetyl coenzyme A and between thosecarbon atoms of lipid components which derive from them.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Isotopic standards for carbon and oxygen and correction factors for mass-spectrometric analysis of carbon dioxide
TL;DR: In this paper, Niee's and Solenhofen standards were compared to the Chicago PDB standard for carbon and oxygen isotope ratios, and the correction factors for instrumental effects and for the nature of the mass spectra were derived.
Journal ArticleDOI
The geochemistry of the stable carbon isotopes
TL;DR: A survey of the variation of the ratio C13/C12 in nature can be found in this paper, where Urey and his co-workers used two complete feed systems with magnetic switching to determine small differences in isotope ratios between samples and a standard gas.
Journal ArticleDOI
Standard for Reporting Concentrations of Deuterium and Oxygen-18 in Natural Waters.
TL;DR: A standard, based on the set of ocean water samples used by Epstein and Mayeda to obtain a reference standard for oxygen-18 data, but defined relative to the National Bureau of Standards isotopic reference water sample, is proposed for reporting both deuterium and oxygen- 18 variations in natural watersrelative to the same water.
Journal ArticleDOI
Improvements in Mass Spectrometers for the Measurement of Small Differences in Isotope Abundance Ratios
TL;DR: A Nier-type mass spectrometer and its associated electronic units have been constructed for the purpose of measuring small variations in the abundances of oxygen and carbon isotopes to an accuracy of ±0.01 percent of the abundance of these isotopes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Deuterium content of natural waters and other substances
TL;DR: A mass spectrometric method for the accurate determination of the hydrogen-deuterium ratio has been developed as mentioned in this paper, which is possible to determine this ratio to ± 0.10% using material of "normal abundance" (i.e., 1 part D in 6700 parts H).