Biological and Phytochemical Screening of Plants
About: This article is published in Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences.The article was published on 1966-03-01. It has received 1062 citations till now.
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TL;DR: This review describes and discusses several approaches to selecting higher plants as candidates for drug development with the greatest possibility of success and identifies and discusses advantages and disadvantages of using plants as starting points for drugDevelopment, specifically those used in traditional medicine.
Abstract: In this review we describe and discuss several approaches to selecting higher plants as candidates for drug development with the greatest possibility of success. We emphasize the role of information derived from various systems of traditional medicine (ethnomedicine) and its utility for drug discovery purposes. We have identified 122 compounds of defined structure, obtained from only 94 species of plants, that are used globally as drugs and demonstrate that 80% of these have had an ethnomedical use identical or related to the current use of the active elements of the plant. We identify and discuss advantages and disadvantages of using plants as starting points for drug development, specifically those used in traditional medicine.
1,992 citations
Cites background or methods from "Biological and Phytochemical Screen..."
...We have previously discussed and provided examples of these problems and their solutions (17,18,21,29)....
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...(17)] have been used in the past and are In this review we describe and discuss several approaches to selecting higher plants as candidates...
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TL;DR: In the future, biologically active plant-derived chemicals can be expected to play an increasingly significant role in the commercial development of new products for regulating plant growth and for insect and weed control.
Abstract: Many higher plants produce economically important organic compounds such as oils, resins, tannins, natural rubber, gums, waxes, dyes, flavors and fragrances, pharmaceuticals, and pesticides. However, most species of higher plants have never been described, much less surveyed for chemical or biologically active constituents, and new sources of commercially valuable materials remain to be discovered. Advances in biotechnology, particularly methods for culturing plant cells and tissues, should provide new means for the commercial processing of even rare plants and the chemicals they produce. These new technologies will extend and enhance the usefulness of plants as renewable resources of valuable chemicals. In the future, biologically active plant-derived chemicals can be expected to play an increasingly significant role in the commercial development of new products for regulating plant growth and for insect and weed control.
968 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a facile bottom-up "green" route for the synthesis of AgNPs using aqueous leave is reported, which is similar to the one described in this paper.
617 citations
Cites methods from "Biological and Phytochemical Screen..."
...The aqueous extract of U. dioica Linn. leaves and synthesised AgNPs were investigated for the presence of phytochemicals viz. carbohydrates, alkaloids, saponins, proteins, amino acids, phenol, diterpenes, tannins and phytosterols by following standard biochemical methods (Fransworth, 1996)....
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TL;DR: It is concluded that plant extracts with low MIC and MBC values may serve as sources for compounds with therapeutic potency in East African medicinal plants.
400 citations
01 Jan 2010
TL;DR: Methanol extract of the whole plant of Oxalis corniculata Linn (Family: Oxalidaceae) was assessed for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity by using in-vitro methods.
Abstract: Methanol extract of whole plant of Oxalis corniculata Linn (Family: Oxalidaceae) was assessed for its antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activity by invitro methods. Antioxidant activity was studied using 1, 1‐Diphenyl‐2‐Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide radical scavenging activity. Inhibition of lipid peroxidation was studied by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) method on isolated rat liver tissues. Quantitative analysis of antioxidative components like total amount of phenolics, flavonoids and flavonols were estimated using spectrophotometric method. Invitro anti‐inflammatory activity was evaluated using albumin denaturation assay, membrane stabilization assay and proteinase inhibitory activity at different concentrations. Aspirin was used as a sta ndard drug for the study of anti‐ inflammatory activity. Linear regression analysis was used to calculate IC50 value. Results showed that, the extract exhibited significant DPPH and nitric oxide radical scavenging activity with IC50 v alue of 302.93±4.17 and 73.07±8.28µg/ml respectively. Lipid peroxidation induced by the Fe2+, was inhibited by the extract with IC50 value 58.71±2.55µg/ml. Total phenol content was estimated as 25.62±0.10mg of gallic acid equivalents of dry extract. Total flavonoids and flavonols were found to be 150.88±12.61 and 150.16±2.16 mg of rutin equivalents per gram of dry extract respectively. Extract also showed invitro anti‐inflammatory activity by inhibiting the heat induced albumin denaturation and Red Blood Cells membrane stabilization with the IC50 values of 288.04±2.78 and 467.14±9.56µg/ml respectively. Proteinase activity was also significantly inhibited by the extract (IC50=435.28±5.82µg/ml). From the results, it is concluded that flavonoids and related polyphenols present in the O. corniculata extract may be responsible for the activity.
383 citations
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2,932 citations
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01 Jan 1962
2,616 citations
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01 Jan 1956
TL;DR: Inorganic spot test analysis has been extensively studied in the literature, see as discussed by the authors for a survey of the current state and prospects of inorganic inorganic spot-test analysis, including preliminary orientational tests for the elements, their ions and compounds.
Abstract: Development, present state and prospects of inorganic spot test analysis. Methodology of spot test analysis (completely revised and enlarged by Dr. G. Skalos). Preliminary orientational tests. Tests for the elements, their ions and compounds. Application of spot reactions in tests of purity, examination of technical materials, studies of minerals. Tabular summary.
1,663 citations
1,501 citations