Journal ArticleDOI
Biological basis for variation in residual feed intake in beef cattle 1: Review of potential mechanisms
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This paper summarises some plausible mechanisms by which variation in efficiency of nutrient use may occur and presents several testable hypotheses for such variation.Abstract:
There is a growing body of evidence that there is genetic variation in beef cattle feed intake relative to their liveweight and weight gain Difference in feed intake, above and below that expected or predicted on the basis of size and growth, is measured as residual feed intake Variation in residual feed intake must be underpinned by measurable differences in biological processes This paper summarises some plausible mechanisms by which variation in efficiency of nutrient use may occur and presents several testable hypotheses for such variation A companion paper [Richardson and Herd (2004) Aust J Exp Ag 44, 431–441] presents results from experiments on cattle following divergent selection for residual feed intake There were at least 5 major processes identified by which variation in efficiency can arise These are associated with variation in intake of feed, digestion of feed, metabolism (anabolism and catabolism associated with and including variation in body composition), activity and thermoregulation The percentage contribution of different mechanisms, to variation in residual feed intake, was: 9% for differences in heat increment of feeding; 14% for differences in digestion; 5% for differences in body composition; and 5% for differences in activity Together, these mechanisms may be responsible for about one-third of the variation in residual feed intake The remaining two-thirds were likely to be associated with heat loss due to variation in other processes, such as protein turnover and ion transport There is no shortage of candidate mechanisms that, singularly or in combination, might contribute to genetic variation in energy utilisation in ruminants Further research in beef cattle, to better define these mechanisms and enable their incorporation into breeding programmes, may lead not only to cattle which eat less for the same performance, but are superior in other traits as wellread more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Physiological basis for residual feed intake.
R. M. Herd,P. F. Arthur +1 more
TL;DR: Residual feed intake is a measure of feed efficiency that is independent of level of production, such as size and growth rate in beef cattle, and thus is a useful new trait for studying the physiological mechanisms underlying variation in feed efficiency.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ruminant enteric methane mitigation: a review
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of strategies for reducing ruminant methane output are considered in relation to rumen ecology and biochemistry, animal breeding and management options at an animal, farm, or national level.
Journal ArticleDOI
Immune response from a resource allocation perspective
TL;DR: Since breeding goals that include robustness traits are required in the implementation of more sustainable agricultural production systems, it is of interest to investigate whether immune tolerance is a robustness trait that is positively correlated with overall animal robustness.
Journal ArticleDOI
Association of mitochondrial function and feed efficiency in poultry and livestock species.
Walter Bottje,Gordon E Carstens +1 more
TL;DR: The overall goal of this paper is to assist the development of tools to aid commercial breeding companies in genetic selection that, in turn, will help maintain viable livestock and poultry industries in the United States and around the world.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genetic and phenotypic relationships of feed intake and measures of efficiency with growth and carcass merit of beef cattle.
J. D. Nkrumah,John A. Basarab,Zhiquan Wang,Changxi Li,Changxi Li,M. A. Price,Erasmus Okine,D. H. Crews,Stephen S. Moore +8 more
TL;DR: Depending on how RFI technology is applied, adjustment for body composition in addition to growth may be required to minimize the potential for correlated responses to selection in cattle.
References
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Genetic and phenotypic variance and covariance components for feed intake, feed efficiency, and other postweaning traits in Angus cattle
TL;DR: Results indicate that genetic improvement in feed efficiency can be achieved through selection and, in general, correlated responses in growth and the other postweaning traits will be minimal.
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Cell-autonomous regulation of cell and organ growth in Drosophila by Akt/PKB.
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Journal ArticleDOI
Potential for selection to improve efficiency of feed use in beef cattle: a review
TL;DR: Estimated breeding values for feed intake after a phenotypic adjustment for growth performance would be most practical, although not theoretically optimal, in an economic selection index to account for genetic correlations with other traits.