Biomass and lipid production of marine microalgae using municipal wastewater and high concentration of CO2
TL;DR: It is suggested that it is possible to utilize municipal wastewater to replace nutrients in seawater medium and use flue gas to provide CO2 in the cultivation of oil-bearing marine microalgae for biodiesel.
About: This article is published in Applied Energy.The article was published on 2011-10-01. It has received 333 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Nannochloropsis & Wastewater.
Citations
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TL;DR: The efficiency of CO2 biosequestration by microalgae species, factors influencing microAlgal biomass productions, microalgal cultivation systems, the potential and limitations of using flue gas for microalGal cultivation as well as the bio-refinery approach of microalegal biomass are discussed.
397 citations
TL;DR: An overview of microalgae strains commonly used for wastewater treatment, physical and chemical properties of various wastewaters and their suitability for algae cultivation, factors affecting algae growth, nutrient assimilation/removal and biomass productivity are provided.
365 citations
TL;DR: C. mexicana was more tolerant to CBZ and could be used for treatment of CBZ contaminated wastewater, and two metabolites (10, 11-dihydro-10,11-expoxycarbamazepine and n-hydroxy-CBZ) were identified by UPLC-MS, as a result of CBz biodegradation by C. meXicana.
300 citations
TL;DR: In this article, critical assessment and comparative study of CO2 bio-fixation rate by microalgae and CO2 emission rate during cultivation and processing of micro-algae biodiesel were carried out.
296 citations
TL;DR: The recent advances in microalgae cultivation and growth processes are reviewed and flocculation mechanisms are analyzed, while the characteristics that the ideal harvesting methods should have are summarized.
293 citations
References
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TL;DR: Bacteria-free clones of the small centric diatom Cyclotella nana Hustedt were isolated, three from estuarine localities, one from Continental Shelf waters, and one from the Sargasso Sea as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Bacteria-free clones of the small centric diatom Cyclotella nana Hustedt were isolated, three from estuarine localities, one from Continental Shelf waters, and one from the Sargasso Sea. Detonula confervacea was isolated from Narragansett Bay. Morphology of all clones was studied with the light and electron microscopes. Morphological differences between clones of C. nana do not at present warrant separating any as distinct species.Clones of C. nana require only vitamin B12; D. confervacea has no vitamin requirement.Growth of the estuarine clones of C. nana was unaffected by salinity down to 0.5‰ and increased with temperature to 25 °C. The Shelf clone grew more rapidly at salinities above 8‰ and at temperatures between 10° and 20 °C. The Sargasso Sea clone did not survive below 15 °C or 17.5‰, while D. confervacea did not survive at temperatures above 15° or at salinities below 8‰. The physiological differences between clones correspond roughly to the conditions obtaining in nature where each was collected.
7,027 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the extinction coefficients for chlorophylls a and b in diethylether (Smith, J.H. and Benitez, A.V., eds.), used in this paper as primary standards, were verified by magnesium determination using atomic absorbance spectrophotometry.
5,326 citations
TL;DR: The experiments showed that the eustigmatophyte Nannochloropsis sp.
Abstract: Thirty microalgal strains were screened in the laboratory for their biomass productivity and lipid content. Four strains (two marine and two freshwater), selected because robust, highly productive and with a relatively high lipid content, were cultivated under nitrogen deprivation in 0.6-L bubbled tubes. Only the two marine microalgae accumulated lipid under such conditions. One of them, the eustigmatophyte Nannochloropsis sp. FM102: 100–112. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
2,714 citations
TL;DR: The results of this study suggest that growing algae in nutrient-rich centrate offers a new option of applying algal process in MWTP to manage the nutrient load for the aeration tank to which the centrate is returned, serving the dual roles of nutrient reduction and valuable biofuel feedstock production.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth of green algae Chlorella sp. on wastewaters sampled from four different points of the treatment process flow of a local municipal wastewater treatment plant (MWTP) and how well the algal growth removed nitrogen, phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and metal ions from the wastewaters. The four wastewaters were wastewater before primary settling (#1 wastewater), wastewater after primary settling (#2 wastewater), wastewater after activated sludge tank (#3 wastewater), and centrate (#4 wastewater), which is the wastewater generated in sludge centrifuge. The average specific growth rates in the exponential period were 0.412, 0.429, 0.343, and 0.948 day(-1) for wastewaters #1, #2, #3, and #4, respectively. The removal rates of NH4-N were 82.4%, 74.7%, and 78.3% for wastewaters #1, #2, and #4, respectively. For #3 wastewater, 62.5% of NO3-N, the major inorganic nitrogen form, was removed with 6.3-fold of NO2-N generated. From wastewaters #1, #2, and #4, 83.2%, 90.6%, and 85.6% phosphorus and 50.9%, 56.5%, and 83.0% COD were removed, respectively. Only 4.7% was removed in #3 wastewater and the COD in #3 wastewater increased slightly after algal growth, probably due to the excretion of small photosynthetic organic molecules by algae. Metal ions, especially Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, and Mn in centrate, were found to be removed very efficiently. The results of this study suggest that growing algae in nutrient-rich centrate offers a new option of applying algal process in MWTP to manage the nutrient load for the aeration tank to which the centrate is returned, serving the dual roles of nutrient reduction and valuable biofuel feedstock production.
970 citations
TL;DR: The results confirm the competitiveness of microalgae-based biofuels and highlight the necessity of recycling harvested water and using sea/wastewater as water source and the need of all the nutrients except phosphate.
788 citations