Biomass Gasifier "Tars": Their Nature, Formation, and Conversion
01 Nov 1998-
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the scientific and practical aspects of tar formation and conversion during gasification as a function of various technological and technical parameters and variables, and present a review of the most cumbersome and problematic parameter in any gasification commercialization effort.
Abstract: The main purpose of this review is to update the information on gasification tar, the most cumbersome and problematic parameter in any gasification commercialization effort. The work aims to present to the community the scientific and practical aspects of tar formation and conversion (removal) during gasification as a function of the various technological and technical parameters and variables.
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TL;DR: Hydrogen Production by Water−Gas Shift Reaction 4056 4.1.
Abstract: 1.0. Introduction 4044 2.0. Biomass Chemistry and Growth Rates 4047 2.1. Lignocellulose and Starch-Based Plants 4047 2.2. Triglyceride-Producing Plants 4049 2.3. Algae 4050 2.4. Terpenes and Rubber-Producing Plants 4052 3.0. Biomass Gasification 4052 3.1. Gasification Chemistry 4052 3.2. Gasification Reactors 4054 3.3. Supercritical Gasification 4054 3.4. Solar Gasification 4055 3.5. Gas Conditioning 4055 4.0. Syn-Gas Utilization 4056 4.1. Hydrogen Production by Water−Gas Shift Reaction 4056
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TL;DR: This book discusses the history and present uses of Methanol, the discovery and properties of Hydrogen, and the production and Uses ofhydrogen from Fossil Fuels, as well as the challenges and opportunities facing the industry.
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Book•
23 Jun 2010
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide a comprehensive coverage of the design, analysis, and operational aspects of biomass gasification, the key technology enabling the production of biofuels from all viable sources.
Abstract: This book offers comprehensive coverage of the design, analysis, and operational aspects of biomass gasification, the key technology enabling the production of biofuels from all viable sources--some examples being sugar cane and switchgrass. This versatile resource not only explains the basic principles of energy conversion systems, but also provides valuable insight into the design of biomass gasifiers. The author provides many worked out design problems, step-by-step design procedures and real data on commercially operating systems. After fossil fuels, biomass is the most widely used fuel in the world. Biomass resources show a considerable potential in the long term if residues are properly handled and dedicated energy crops are grown. 5 years of the author's research in the area Biomass fuel production First book devoted to Biomass Gasification Includes step-by-design procedures, cases studies and worked out numerical examples
1,169 citations
Cites background from "Biomass Gasifier "Tars": Their Natu..."
...This contains oxygenates and primary organic condensable molecules called primary tar (Milne et al, 1998, p. 13)....
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...Here, the particulate concentration should be between 0.1 and 120 mg/Nm3 (Milne et al., 1998)....
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...The flame occurs in the interstices between feed particles, which remain at 500 to 700 °C (Milne et al., 1998, p. 14)....
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...The primary products are destroyed before the tertiary products appear (Milne et al., 1998)....
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...Milne et al. (1998) listed a large number of compounds of acids, sugars, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, phenols, guaiacols, syringols, furans, and mixed oxygenates in this group....
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TL;DR: In this paper, an overview of these technologies for hydrogen production from biomass is presented. And the future development will also be addressed, as well as future development of the future technologies.
1,065 citations
References
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16 Jan 1997
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented a classification of PAHs with two-three rings, four rings, five rings, six rings, and seven rings, as well as non-alternant PAH with three, four, and five rings.
Abstract: From the Contents: Nomenclature and classification/ General chemistry/ Spectroscopy/ Chemical reactivity and theoretical predictability/ General synthetic methods (emphasis on new methods)/ Alternant PAHs with two-three rings/ Alternant PAHs with four rings/ Alternant PAHs with five rings/ Alternant PAHs with six rings/ Nonalternant PAHs with three rings/ Nonalternant PAHs with five rings/ Nonalternant PAHs with six rings.
1,516 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the costs and technologies involved in an integrated system for the production of electricity from biomass in general and wood in particular are reviewed, and the main conclusions are that wood handling, storage, drying, comminution and screening are well established and present no uncertainties in operation and performance.
992 citations
TL;DR: Application de la spectrometrie de masse a faisceau a l'etude des mecanismes moleculaires de la pyrolyse du bois and de ses principaux constituants (cellulose, lignine et hemicellulose).
Abstract: Application de la spectrometrie de masse a faisceau a l'etude des mecanismes moleculaires de la pyrolyse du bois et de ses principaux constituants (cellulose, lignine et hemicellulose)
873 citations
Book•
31 Dec 1993
TL;DR: In this paper, the technical and economic prospects for making fuels and electricity from renewable energy sources are assessed, including hydropower, wind energy, solar thermal electric technology, photovoltaic technology, ocean energy systems, geothermal energy, biomass conversion technology, and solar hydrogen.
Abstract: This book assesses the technical and economic prospects for making fuels and electricity from renewable energy sources. Twenty-three chapters discuss the following renewable technologies: hydropower; wind energy; solar thermal electric technology; photovoltaic technology (6 chapters); ocean energy systems; geothermal energy; biomass conversion technology (8 chapters); solar hydrogen; and utility strategies for using renewables. All chapters have been processed for inclusion on the data base.
841 citations