Biomedical optical analytical techniques to analyse the medicinal drugs and optical properties of tissues
09 Sep 2013-International Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Technology (Inderscience Publishers Ltd)-Vol. 12, Iss: 1, pp 38
TL;DR: In this paper, the biomedical optical analytical techniques such as ultra-violet spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrograms, and Fourier Transform-Raman spectrographs are used to characterise and quantise the medicinal drugs.
Abstract: In this research paper, the biomedical optical analytical techniques such as ultra-violet spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Fourier transform-Raman spectroscopy are used to characterise and quantise the medicinal drugs. The hydroxyl group and methyl group was assigned to the wave numbers 3230.67 cm–1 and 2928.50 cm–1. The functional groups are also identified –N=C=O, –N=C=S, –N=C=N–, –N3 at 4.67 µm. The CH, CH2, and CH3 three bands with strong intensity are assigned to the wave numbers 2985 cm–1 to 2850 cm–1. The FT-Raman spectra is obtained for the blue sample, the functional group C≡C is assigned to the wave number 2129.84 to 2191.41 cm–1. The wave numbers 2558.71–2620.73 cm–1 are obtained for the functional bond –S–H. The wave number 1610.95 cm–1 is obtained for the C=N functional group. In this paper one sample namely Fibril-SF is taken by a patient and his Saliva sample is collected for Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy test to analyse the reaction of drugs with human body tissues.
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TL;DR: The spectral bio-diagnosis of normal human body saliva sample shows the following functional compounds and it is related to various proteins and enzymes as mentioned in this paper : the hydroxyl group is observed in the form of O-H at 3,305 cm−1, because of the presence of lipids, the functional group C-H is obtained from 2,928 to 2,856 cm− 1, due to the presence amide-I in the forms of C=N and C=C obtained at 1,658 cm−2, the proteins are exhibited.
Abstract: The spectral bio-diagnosis of normal human body saliva sample shows the following functional compounds and it is related to various proteins and enzymes. Because of the presence of water in the saliva sample, the hydroxyl group is observed in the form of O–H at 3,305 cm−1, because of the presence of lipids, the functional group C–H is obtained from 2,928 to 2,856 cm−1, due to the presence of amide-I in the form of C=N and C=C obtained at 1,658 cm−1, the proteins are exhibited. Due to the presence of aliphatic CH2, the Lipids, Adenine, Cytosine, Collagen are observed at 1,455 cm−1, because of the presence of Carbohydrates, Phospholipids, Nucleic acids, the functional groups C=O and P=O from 1,159 to 1,064 cm−1 are exhibited. Due to the presence of Phenylalanine, Tyrosine, Cystine and Hydroxyapatite C–C twist, C–C stretch, C–S stretch and PO42− are observed at 748 and 483 cm−1. Silver nanoparticle has attracted considerable interest due to their extensive applicability in various areas such as electronics, catalysis, chemistry, energy and medicine. To study the opto-electronics properties of the samples, it was mixed with silver nanoparticles and characterized.
5 citations
TL;DR: This study was the first-step in developing a deflection feedback controlled surgical instrument in the needle-assisted percutaneous operation and provided understanding on the mechanics of needle insertion.
Abstract: Needle insertion for minimally-invasive surgery is a technique explored and studied for percutaneous procedure, diagnosis, localised therapeutic drug-delivery, and biopsy. While the instruments and techniques determine the success of every surgical procedure, minimal attention was given to the medium, interaction between tissue and needle, development tools and surgical techniques. This paper addresses the interaction by studying the needle deflection during insertion into porcine back tissue and simulated flesh-like tissue (gelatine). A customised testing set-up measures and quantifies these interactions. Needle deflection magnitude and insertion forces were measured and correlated to define the bio-mechanical properties of back abdomen tissue. Needle deflections were measured for gelatine analogues developed to model consistency of the tissues in the back lumbar region. Mathematical two-dimensional (2D) force-model was developed to provide understanding on the mechanics of needle insertion. This study was the first-step in developing a deflection feedback controlled surgical instrument in the needle-assisted percutaneous operation.
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References
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01 Jan 2005
TL;DR: This study assessed the feasibility of neonatal cerebral oxygen monitoring by near-infrared light spectroscopy (NIRS) using a light emitting diode (LED) based system to measure the changes in cerebral oxygen saturation, as regional oxygen saturation and tissue oxygenation index, in response to auditory stimuli.
Abstract: This study assessed the feasibility of neonatal cerebral oxygen monitoring by near-infrared light spectroscopy (NIRS) using a light emitting diode (LED) based system. We aimed to measure the changes in cerebral oxygen saturation, as regional oxygen saturation and tissue oxygenation index, in response to auditory stimuli. Documenting changes in oxygenation in response to such stimuli will help validate the usefulness of LED-NIRS as a tool in the study of cerebral oxygen saturation in neonates
4 citations
28 Oct 1993
TL;DR: In this paper, a non-invasive method for the measurement of cardiac pulsation and chest wall motion through optical interferometry is introduced, which can be used to detect abnormalities in the cardiac cycle by proper data reduction.
Abstract: A nontouch and noninvasive method for the measurement of cardiac pulsation and chest wall motion through optical interferometry is introduced. Visible laser interferometry was utilized to continously monitor circulatory pulsation and chest wall motion. This technique potentially augments such modalities as the phonocardiogram, stethoscope and apexcardiogram, with the advantage of improved sensitivity, enhanced frequency response, and lessened perturbation of the phenomena measured. Introduction Early and accurate detection of abnormalities in the vascular system is important for diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Information about the physical parameters of the vascular system such as. blood pressure, volume flow or sound, show consistent abnormalities in the presence of vascular disease [I]. In particular, the pattern of pulsatility and heart sounds are parameters that physicians can detect noninvasively by conventional modalities. Our recent studies have been focused on the detection of low level heart sounds to provide preliminary information about cardiac filnction. Cardiac apex displacement can be deduced from the displacement of overlying skin [21. Padmanabhan et 01 used an accelerometer tw cardiac transducer to cover the frequency range of 200-1000 Hz of heart sound by minimizing the loading effects of the transducer on the chest [3]. With optical interferometry, we could measure the vibration of the skin surface which is proportional to the pulsatility of the underlying blood vessel especially the radialartery,andthe hean. The preliminary data we obtained demonstrates that our system could be used to detect abnormalities in the cardiac cycle by proper data reduction, i.e., time-frequency domain analysis. The fist stethoscope-like prototype to measure skin displacement was previously reported by the authors [4]. Since then, significant improvements in both SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) and reliability have been achieved. The improved design of the system with the updated data wilI be presented. Method Because of the difference in the optical index of refraction between the skin (1.55-1.6) and air (1.0). the incident laser beam is both specularly reflected (about 5%) and scattered by the transmitted photons into tissue layers [53. This optical property of skin allows the application of Michelson interferometry to the measurement of path length difference due U) he skin surface vibration. According to the principles of Michelson interferometry, the path length difference causes a phase difference, A@ in the interference intensity which depends on the skin vibration velocity, v. The frequency shift, fD, due to the change in phase, A@ is given by 2 v / h where h is the wavelength of the laser (633 nm). The pulsation of the cardiovascular system is initiated as the blood pressure wave propagates along the blood vessels. Therefore, a variation in the interference intensity would be indicative of the propagation of the blood pressure wave. At the point of maximal impulse on the chest (usually below the left nipple), skin displacement is caused by the mechanical motion of the cardiac apex. The location and quality of the vibration at the "point of maximal impulse" has clinically been part of the physcial examination and of significant clinical interest.
4 citations
"Biomedical optical analytical techn..." refers background or methods in this paper
...Based on the observation that the wavelength dependence of the absorption spectrum of the granules follows that of a Rayleigh scatterer, 1/λ, and the researchers concluded that multiple Rayleigh scattering inside the granule is the main source of its high light absorption (Hong and Fox, 1993)....
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...Several studies have been undertaken on tissues, cell lines and DNA from subjects with normal and malignant prostates, and benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) using FT-IR micro spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy (Hong and Fox, 1993; Hasegawa et al., 1994; Huang et al., 2004; Guicheteau et al., 2006; Homhuan et al., 2010; Saari and Aallos, 2010)....
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Journal Article•
TL;DR: The purpose of the study was to predict RI value of the brain lesions from the CT-MR fused images non invasively and found predicting RI value using colored CT- MR fused images will increase diagnostic accuracy.
Abstract: PURPOSE – The refractive index (RI) is a unique physical property of tissue. It changes in neoplastic and inflammatory condition of brain due to depletion of tissue glutathione concentration changing the electron density. The purpose of the study was to predict RI value of the brain lesions from the CT-MR fused images non invasively. MATERIALS AND METHODS –CTMR fusion image was produced by combining CT and MR images by rigid registration technique to detect the pathology accurately. Independent component analysis determines the color value and gray value of the images of the tissue. These values were then used by Neural Network software to generate a color mapping of the CT-MR fusion image. Electron density derived from CT images and optical frequency from color image were used to determine RI value by applying Feynman’s equation. RI value and glutathione levels of corresponding biopsy specimens were determined in the laboratory. RESULTS –.A colored CT-MR fusion image shows true color of the tissue. The RI values determined from images were in agreement with biopsy determined RI values. Values between 1.353 through 1.359 are benign and RI value above 1.412 were found malignant.CONCLUSIONPredicting RI value using colored CT-MR fused images will increase diagnostic accuracy.
4 citations
"Biomedical optical analytical techn..." refers background in this paper
...In India, medicinal plants as a group comprise approximately 8000 species, and of that 50% account for all the higher flowering plant species in India (Biswas et al., 2012)....
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TL;DR: FT-Raman Spectroscopy is used to investigate through PCA analysis the alterations in the molecular structure of 90 skin spectra, being 30 Pigmented Nevi, 30 Primary Melanoma, and 30 Metastasis, for 6 patients, and could differentiate the three different types of tissues.
Abstract: Melanoma is the most aggressive skin cancer and is invariably fatal if left untreated. Melanoma removal at early
stages is almost always curative and therefore early detection is essential. Removal of every pigmented lesion is
unacceptable for the patient, especially in the case of multiple skin lesions or lesions localized in cosmetically important
parts of the body such as the face because of risk of scarring. The development of a technique to detect these changes in
a noninvasive way is therefore crucial for melanoma detection. In this study, we have used FT-Raman Spectroscopy to
investigate through PCA analysis the alterations in the molecular structure of 90 skin spectra, being 30 Pigmented Nevi,
30 Primary Melanoma, and 30 Metastasis, for 6 patients. For projection of data, the scores (Principal Components) PC1
to PC3 were calculated. PC1 versus PC3 for the 800 to 1800 cm-1 spectral region. PC1 versus PC2 for the 1200 to
1400 cm-1 spectral region. In both analysis, we could differentiate the three different types of tissues.
4 citations
"Biomedical optical analytical techn..." refers background in this paper
...More recently, researchers reported on the development of a computed transilluminated tomography system (Bitar et al., 2007)....
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TL;DR: This single cell electroporation system represents a promising method for investigating the introduction of a wide variety of fluorophores, nanoparticles, quantum dots, DNAs and proteins into cells.
Abstract: We report the design and fabrication of a novel single ce ll electroporation biochip fabrica ted by the Proton Beam Writing technique (PBW), a new technique capable of direct-writing high-aspect-ratio nano and microstructures. The biochip features nickel micro-electrodes with straight-side walls between which individual cells are positioned. By applying electrical impulses across the electrodes, SYTOX ® Green nucleic acid stain is incorporated into mouse neuroblastoma (N2a) cells. When the stain binds with DNA inside the cell nucleus, green fluo rescence is observed upon excitation from a halogen lamp. Three parameters; electri c field strength, pulse duration, and the nu mber of pulses have been considered and optimized for the single cell electroporation. The results show that our biochip gives successfully electroporated cells . This single cell electroporation system represents a prom ising method for investigating the introduction of a wide variety of fluorophores, nanoparticles, quantum dots, DNAs and proteins into cells. Keywords: Single cell electroporation, proton beam writing, biochip
2 citations
"Biomedical optical analytical techn..." refers background or methods in this paper
...Several studies have been undertaken on tissues, cell lines and DNA from subjects with normal and malignant prostates, and benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) using FT-IR micro spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy (Hong and Fox, 1993; Hasegawa et al., 1994; Huang et al., 2004; Guicheteau et al., 2006; Homhuan et al., 2010; Saari and Aallos, 2010)....
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...Barrier found, depending on the amount and size of the intracellular structures, an important part of the scattering caused by cells in a suspension could be made to vanish when the refractive index of the supporting medium was matched to that of the cytoplasm (Homhuan et al., 2010)....
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