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Journal ArticleDOI

Biomethanation of Leucaena leucocephala: a potential biomass substrate

01 Aug 1986-Fuel (Elsevier)-Vol. 65, Iss: 8, pp 1129-1133
TL;DR: In this article, the degradation of leucocephala was performed in a multi-stage digester with separate compartments, which achieved a methane content of 78-80% in a batch fermentation for 80 days with input volatile solids of 40-44 g.
About: This article is published in Fuel.The article was published on 1986-08-01. It has received 10 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Leucaena leucocephala & Hydraulic retention time.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Anaerobic digestion of tropical forestry wastes, such as albizia biomass and food wastes, including taro, papaya, and sweet potato, were evaluated for biogas production by liquid AD and/or solid-state AD, depending on feedstock characteristics.

52 citations


Cites background from "Biomethanation of Leucaena leucocep..."

  • ...9% and 7–9% lower than those of Leucaena leucocephala leaves (12%) (Narayanaswami et al., 1986) and fallen tree leaves (11....

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  • ...(Narayanaswami et al., 1986) and fallen tree leaves (11.7%), respectively (Brown et al., 2012)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The concept of interactive metabolic control earlier proposed has been validated based on the levels of various metabolites detected and the overall decrease in volatile solid level was 65%, whereas the collagen level declined by 85%.
Abstract: Anaerobic digestion of calf skin collagenous waste was optimized for a batch process based on accelerated maximal methane yield per gram of input volatile solid. A kinetic analysis with respect to changes in the levels of volatile solid, collagen, amino sugars, amino acids, hydroxyproline, ammonium ions, and volatile fatty acid were followed for a period of 80 d. Distinct metabolic phases included an initial high rate collagenolysis for 4d, with 50% degradation and was followed by an acidogenic phase between 4-12 d with volatile fatty acids levels increasing to 215 mmol/L. Subsequently methanogenesis ensued and was maximal between 12-24 d when volatile fatty acids attained steady state levels. During the period of 80 d, the overall decrease in volatile solid level was 65%, whereas the collagen level declined by 85% with 0.45 L of methane yield/g of volatile solid degraded. Based on the levels of various metabolites detected, the concept of interactive metabolic control earlier proposed has been validated.

26 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An indirect spectrophotometric method was developed based on their individual reaction with known excess of DZ SAM and by estimating the remaining DZSAM with N-(1-naphthyl)ethylene-diamine (NEDA) that is superior in terms of absolute selectivity, sensitivity and ease of applicability.
Abstract: Our observations on the growth stimulatory nature of mimosine, (β-(3-hydroxy-4-pyridon-1-yl)-L-alanine), the toxic non-protein plant amino acid, in some model experimental systems, warranted sensitive and selective routine estimations. For the determination of both mimosine and DHP, an indirect spectrophotometric method was developed based on their individual reaction with known excess of DZSAM and by estimating the remaining DZSAM with N-(1-naphthyl)ethylene-diamine (NEDA). The resultant decrease in the secondary coupled product was measured at 540 nm. On equimolar basis, DHP had 40% of the reactivity of mimosine while interference from other relevant compounds was 15–35%. The determination of mimosine and DHP in tissue samples under different physiological conditions was effected after paper chromatographic separation of mimosine and DHP with distinctly differing Rf, from other compounds. The indirect method is superior in terms of absolute selectivity, sensitivity and ease of applicability with linear decreases in absorbance, proportional to increasing concentrations of mimosine from 0.1 to 0.75 μM or DHP from 0.2 to 1.5 μM and with recoveries of 99.2 to 100.5%.

16 citations


Cites background from "Biomethanation of Leucaena leucocep..."

  • ...leucocephala mimosine was almost completely degraded by mixed culture as revealed in our earlier investigations (Narayanaswami et al., 1986) and the resultant detoxified biomass (Vargheese and...

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  • ...During anaerobic digestion of L. leucocephala mimosine was almost completely degraded by mixed culture as revealed in our earlier investigations (Narayanaswami et al., 1986) and the resultant detoxified biomass (Vargheese and Lalitha, 1993), when fed to Japanese quails, revealed con- siderable…...

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Journal ArticleDOI
17 Jun 2004-Talanta
TL;DR: The present method was applied to estimate mimosine in plant extracts containing lesser than 0.05mugml(-1) with recovery at 99+/-0.41%.

9 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results suggest that utilization of methanol by the mixed culture would involve metabolic interactions between the Pseudomonas sp.
Abstract: An anaerobic methylotrophic methanogenic enrichment culture, with sustained metabolic characteristics, including that of methanation for over a decade, was the choice of the present study on interspecies interactions. Growth and methanation by the enrichment were suppressed in the presence of antibiotics, and no methanogen grown on methanol could be isolated using stringent techniques. The present study confirmed syntrophic metabolic interactions in this enrichment with the isolation of a strain ofPseudomonas sp. The organism had characteristic metabolic versatility in metabolizing a variety of substrates including alcohols, aliphatic acids, amino acids, and sugars. Anaerobic growth was favoured with nitrate in the growth medium. Cells grown anaerobically with methanol, revealed maximal nitrate reductase activity. Constitutive oxidative activity of the membrane system emerged from the high-specific oxygen uptake and nitrate reductase activities of the aerobically and anerobically grown cells respectively. Cells grown anaerobically on various alcohols effectively oxidized methanol in the presence of flavins, cofactor FAD and the methanogenic cofactor F420, suggesting a constitutive alcohol oxidizing capacity. In cells grown anaerobically on methanol, the rate of methanol oxidation with F420 was three times that of FAD. Efficient utilization of alcohols in the presence of F420 is a novel feature of the present study. The results suggest that utilization of methanol by the mixed culture would involve metabolic interactions between thePseudomonas sp. and the methanogen(s). Methylotrophic, methanogenic partnership involving an aerobe is a novel feature hitherto unreported among anaerobic syntrophic associations and is of ecological significance.

8 citations


Cites background or methods from "Biomethanation of Leucaena leucocep..."

  • ...…of inoculum used for enrichment was the digested slurry from laboratory anaerobic reactors of 2 l capacity operated semicontinuously, using the leaves of Leucaena leucocephala as input feed (4 g) that generated sustained output gas at 0⋅8–1⋅0 l/l/day with 85% methane content (Vasanthy et al 1986)....

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  • ...3.1 General characteristics of the methylotrophic methanogenic enrichment Methanogenic enrichment grown on methanol was obtained originally from the active slurry of a semi-continuously operated anaerobic digester degrading leafy biomass of Leucaena leucocephala (Vasanthy et al 1986)....

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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A chronology of key events and events in the history of the United States, as well as some of the key stories and anecdotes, are presented.
Abstract: Historical ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Outlook . . . . . .. ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SUBSTRATE-PRODUCT RELATIONSHIPS. .. ..

398 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Methanogenic Bacterial Interaction and Factors affecting methanogenesis , 328 Fate of methane in freshwater sediments 331 and the ECOLOGY of METHANOGENESIS 325.
Abstract: CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 310 THE ROLE OF METHANOGENIC BACTERIA IN INTERSPECIES H, TRANSFER ...... 310 The Methanogenic Bacterial Interaction 312 Low-molecular-weight end products 312 Carbohydrates 315 The Non-Methanogenic Bacterial Interaction 316 METHANOGENESIS FROM ACETATE 317 Acetate Enrichment 318 Methanol Enrichment 318 Benzoate Enrichment 318 PURE CULTURE ISOLATES 319 FINE STRUCTURE STUDIES 320 NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS 322 BIOCHEMICAL AND ENZYMATIC STUDIES 323 THE ECOLOGY OF METHANOGENESIS 325 Freshwater Sediments ... 326 Distribution of methane and methanogenic bacteria 326 Factors affecting methanogenesis , 328 Fate of methane in freshwater sediments 331

290 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An acetate-fermenting strain of Methanosarcina was isolated from an acetate enrichment culture inoculated with anaerobic sludge from a waste treatment digestor and labeling studies indicated that acetate was converted to methane and CO2 as predicted by previous studies on mixed cultures.
Abstract: An acetate-fermenting strain of Methanosarcina was isolated from an acetate enrichment culture inoculated with anaerobic sludge from a waste treatment digestor. In pure culture, this organism fermented acetate in the absence of added hydrogen at rates comparable in magnitude to those found in digestor systems. This rate was significantly higher than previously obtained for pure cultures of this genus. Mineral components of yeast extract were highly stimulatory for cultures growing on methanol. Comparable stimulation was not observed for cultures growing on acetate. Labeling studies indicated that acetate was converted to methane and CO2 as predicted by previous studies on mixed cultures. Total oxidation or reduction of acetate was not the mechanism of conversion of acetate to methane by the pure culture. The ability of this strain to form colonies or to produce methane from acetate was apparently influenced by the choice of substrate and conditions used for growing the inoculum.

217 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In mixed culture, the methanobacterium utilized the H2 and possibly the formate produced by the ruminococcus and in so doing stimulated the flow of electrons generated during glycolysis towards H2 formation and away from formation of succinate.
Abstract: The anaerobic cellulolytic rumen bacterium Ruminococcus flavefaciens normally produces succinic acid as a major fermentation product together with acetic and formic acids, H2, and CO2. When grown on cellulose and in the presence of the methanogenic rumen bacterium Methanobacterium ruminantium, acetate was the major fermentation product; succinate was formed in small amounts; little formate was detected; H2 did not accumulate; and large amounts of CH4 were formed. M. ruminantium depends for growth on the reduction of CO2 to CH4 by H2, which it can obtain directly or by producing H2 and CO2 from formate. In mixed culture, the methanobacterium utilized the H2 and possibly the formate produced by the ruminococcus and in so doing stimulated the flow of electrons generated during glycolysis by the ruminococcus toward H2 formation and away from formation of succinate. This type of interaction may be of significance in determining the flow of cellulose carbon to the normal rumen fermentation products.

166 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is indicated that loading rates can be much higher than those previously thought useful for maximizing methanogenesis from cattle waste, and methane production from waste of cattle fed a finishing diet was investigated, using four 3-liter-working volume anaerobic digestors.
Abstract: Methane production from waste of cattle fed a finishing diet was investigated, using four 3-liter-working volume anaerobic digestors at 60 degrees C. At 55 degrees C a start-up culture, in which waste was the only source of bacteria, was generated within 8 days and readily adapted to 60 degrees C, where efficiency of methanogenesis was greater. Increasing the temperature from 60 to 65 degrees C tended to drastically lower efficiency. When feed concentrations of volatile solids (VS, organic matter) were increased in steps of 2% after holding for 1 months at a given concentration, the maximum concentrations for efficient fermentation were 8.2, 10.0, 11.6, and 11.6% for the retention times (RT) of 3, 6, 9, and 12 days, respectively. The VS destructions for these and lower feed concentrations were 31 to 37, 36 to 40, 47 to 49 and 51 to 53% for the 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-day RT digestors, respectively, and the corresponding methane production rates were about 0.16, 0.18, 0.20, and 0.22 liters/day per g of VS in the feed. Gas contained 52 to 57% methane. At the above RT and feed concentrations, alkalinity rose to 5,000 to 7,700 mg of CaCo3 per liter (pH to 7.5 to 7.8), NH3 plus NH4+ to 64 to 90 mM, and total volatile acids to 850 to 2,050 mg/liter as acetate. The 3-day RT digestor was quite stable up to 8.2% feed VS and at this feed concentration produced methane at the very high rate of 4.5 liters/day per liter of digestor. Increasing the percentage of feed VS beyond those values indicated above resulted in greatly decreased organic matter destruction and methane production, variable decrease in pH, and increased alkalinity, ammonia, and total volatile acid concentrations, with propionate being the first to accumulate in large amounts. In a second experiment with another lot of waste, the results were similar. These studies indicate that loading rates can be much higher than those previously thought useful for maximizing methanogenesis from cattle waste.

154 citations