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Book ChapterDOI

Biopolymer Composites With High Dielectric Performance: Interface Engineering

TL;DR: In this article, the preparation and dielectric behavior of various biopolymer composites is presented, including metal nanoparticles and carbon-based nanofillers such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, etc.
Abstract: In recent years, there is a growing interest in studying the dielectric behavior of biopolymer composites due to their potential application as a dielectric material in various electronic devices such as microchips, transformers, and circuit boards. Conducting electroactive polymer composites have also been investigated for various potential applications which include biological, biomedical, flexible electrodes, display devices, biosensors, and cells for tissue engineering. In this chapter, the preparation and dielectric behavior of various biopolymer composites is presented. These biopolymer composites generally consist of nanoscale metal nanoparticles and carbon-based nanofillers such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, graphene oxide (GO), etc., dispersed into the polymer matrix. The physical and chemical properties of these fillers and their interactions with polymers have a significant effect on the microstructure and the final properties of nanocomposites. The biopolymer composites with excellent dielectric properties show great promise as an energy storage dielectric layer in high-performance capacitor applications such as embedded capacitors. This chapter highlights some of the examples of such biopolymer composites; their processing and dielectric behavior will be discussed in detail.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A comprehensive overview on a holistic polymer-AM perspective for drug delivery systems with discussion on the materials, properties, design and fabrication techniques and the mechanisms used to achieve a controlled release system is provided in this article.

60 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , a review of cellulose-based composite scaffolds for localized bone drug delivery systems and bone regeneration is presented, focusing on the various classifications of composites, such as cellulose organic composites and cellulose inorganic/inorganic composites.

48 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a review article focuses on the topic of wound dressing films as drug delivery systems and provides a summary of the preparation and characterization methods and highlights the most frequently used polymers for film fabrication.
Abstract: Wound dressings represent the most common way to promote wound healing as they are non-invasive. They include films, hydrogels, hydrocolloids, hydroactives, foams, alginates and hydrofibers. Choosing one type over another depends on the wound depth and amount of exudate. Films are advantageous because they are flexible, easy to apply, allow some moisture evaporation, provide a barrier to external contamination, and endorse inspection of the wound bed without removing the dressing. This review article focuses on the topic of wound dressing films as drug delivery systems. It provides a summary of the preparation and characterization methods and highlights the most frequently used polymers for film fabrication. Moreover, it outlines and discusses recent developments regarding the active ingredients and nanosystems loaded into the wound dressing films with emphasis on the macromolecular structure. This work aims to guide researchers and developers into the selection of proper materials (polymers and active pharmaceutical ingredients), preparation processes, characterization techniques, and increase their understanding into how the desired product features can be reached.

43 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
14 Jul 2021-Polymers
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared Col and gelatin in terms of their structures, sources of derivatives, physicochemical properties, results of in vitro and in vivo studies, their roles in wound healing and the current challenges in wound wound healing.
Abstract: Collagen (Col) and gelatin are most extensively used in various fields, particularly in pharmaceuticals and therapeutics. Numerous researchers have proven that they are highly biocompatible to human tissues, exhibit low antigenicity and are easy to degrade. Despite their different sources both Col and gelatin have almost the same effects when it comes to wound healing mechanisms. Considering this, the bioactivity and biological effects of both Col and gelatin have been, and are being, constantly investigated through in vitro and in vivo assays to obtain maximum outcomes in the future. With regard to their proven nutritional values as sources of protein, Col and gelatin products exert various possible biological activities on cells in the extracellular matrix (ECM). In addition, a vast number of novel Col and gelatin applications have been discovered. This review compared Col and gelatin in terms of their structures, sources of derivatives, physicochemical properties, results of in vitro and in vivo studies, their roles in wound healing and the current challenges in wound healing. Thus, this review provides the current insights and the latest discoveries on both Col and gelatin in their wound healing mechanisms.

43 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a review article encompassing an elaborate description on the science and other quintessential parameters involved in this mass printing technique would prove to be extremely useful for wearable electronics, real-time sensing devices and point-of-care device applications.
Abstract: In recent times, wearable electronics, real-time sensing devices and point-of-care device applications have seen a surge in demand. This demand inherently calls for a more economic and reliable method of mass production. One such robust technique is screen printing that offers advantages in terms of being versatile, economical and easy to use. This technique has been proclaimed to be the best amongst the other additive manufacturing techniques by many research groups. This can be solely attributed to its simple equipment design, requiring a paste for printing purpose, a meshwork for housing the design and a squeegee to carry out printing through an up-and-down motion. This subsequently calls for optimising the parameters such as ink rheology, pore size of the mesh, proper choice of mesh design and motion of the squeeze in order to fabricate electrodes for desired purpose. Due to this technique’s immense potential to open up broad inroads in the domain of flexible electronics, whose concept has radically redefined the perception towards the field of electronics, a review article encompassing an elaborate description on the science and other quintessential parameters involved in this mass printing technique would prove to be extremely useful. In this purview, the review article is compartmentalised into sections encompassing discussion on the manufacturing of different kinds of inks for screen printing applications, substrates used, electrode design and pre-treatment procedures.

39 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
22 Oct 2004-Science
TL;DR: Monocrystalline graphitic films are found to be a two-dimensional semimetal with a tiny overlap between valence and conductance bands and they exhibit a strong ambipolar electric field effect.
Abstract: We describe monocrystalline graphitic films, which are a few atoms thick but are nonetheless stable under ambient conditions, metallic, and of remarkably high quality. The films are found to be a two-dimensional semimetal with a tiny overlap between valence and conductance bands, and they exhibit a strong ambipolar electric field effect such that electrons and holes in concentrations up to 10 13 per square centimeter and with room-temperature mobilities of ∼10,000 square centimeters per volt-second can be induced by applying gate voltage.

55,532 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Owing to its unusual electronic spectrum, graphene has led to the emergence of a new paradigm of 'relativistic' condensed-matter physics, where quantum relativistic phenomena can now be mimicked and tested in table-top experiments.
Abstract: Graphene is a rapidly rising star on the horizon of materials science and condensed-matter physics. This strictly two-dimensional material exhibits exceptionally high crystal and electronic quality, and, despite its short history, has already revealed a cornucopia of new physics and potential applications, which are briefly discussed here. Whereas one can be certain of the realness of applications only when commercial products appear, graphene no longer requires any further proof of its importance in terms of fundamental physics. Owing to its unusual electronic spectrum, graphene has led to the emergence of a new paradigm of 'relativistic' condensed-matter physics, where quantum relativistic phenomena, some of which are unobservable in high-energy physics, can now be mimicked and tested in table-top experiments. More generally, graphene represents a conceptually new class of materials that are only one atom thick, and, on this basis, offers new inroads into low-dimensional physics that has never ceased to surprise and continues to provide a fertile ground for applications.

35,293 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review will be of value to synthetic chemists interested in this emerging field of materials science, as well as those investigating applications of graphene who would find a more thorough treatment of the chemistry of graphene oxide useful in understanding the scope and limitations of current approaches which utilize this material.
Abstract: The chemistry of graphene oxide is discussed in this critical review Particular emphasis is directed toward the synthesis of graphene oxide, as well as its structure Graphene oxide as a substrate for a variety of chemical transformations, including its reduction to graphene-like materials, is also discussed This review will be of value to synthetic chemists interested in this emerging field of materials science, as well as those investigating applications of graphene who would find a more thorough treatment of the chemistry of graphene oxide useful in understanding the scope and limitations of current approaches which utilize this material (91 references)

10,126 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Chitin is the second most important natural polymer in the world as mentioned in this paper, and the main sources of chitin are two marine crustaceans, shrimp and crabs, which are used for food, cosmetics, biomedical and pharmaceutical applications.

6,365 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Xiaolin Li1, Xinran Wang1, Li Zhang1, Sangwon Lee1, Hongjie Dai1 
29 Feb 2008-Science
TL;DR: A chemical route to produce graphene nanoribbons with width below 10 nanometers was developed, as well as single ribbons with varying widths along their lengths or containing lattice-defined graphene junctions for potential molecular electronics.
Abstract: We developed a chemical route to produce graphene nanoribbons (GNR) with width below 10 nanometers, as well as single ribbons with varying widths along their lengths or containing lattice-defined graphene junctions for potential molecular electronics. The GNRs were solution-phase-derived, stably suspended in solvents with noncovalent polymer functionalization, and exhibited ultrasmooth edges with possibly well-defined zigzag or armchair-edge structures. Electrical transport experiments showed that, unlike single-walled carbon nanotubes, all of the sub-10-nanometer GNRs produced were semiconductors and afforded graphene field effect transistors with on-off ratios of about 10(7) at room temperature.

4,579 citations