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Journal ArticleDOI

Biorecovery of gold using cyanobacteria and an eukaryotic alga with special reference to nanogold formation – a novel phenomenon

01 Feb 2009-Journal of Applied Phycology (Springer Netherlands)-Vol. 21, Iss: 1, pp 145-152
TL;DR: Pro- and eukaryotic algal genera, i.e. Lyngbya majuscula, Spirulina subsalsa, and Rhizoclonium hieroglyphicum were used for bio-recovery of gold out of aqueous solution indicating quick metabolic independent binding of Au to the algae followed by active accumulation and subsequent reduction.
Abstract: Pro- and eukaryotic algal genera, i.e. Lyngbya majuscula, Spirulina subsalsa (Cyanophyceae) and Rhizoclonium hieroglyphicum (Chlorophyceae), were used for bio-recovery of gold (Au) out of aqueous solution. Au (III) spiked with 198Au was used for the experiment. Batch laboratory experiments indicated quick metabolic independent binding of Au to the algae followed by active accumulation and subsequent reduction. Gold accumulation by different algal genera was found in order of R. hieroglyphicum > L. majuscula > S. subsalsa (3.28, 1.93 and 1.73 mg g-1, respectively). It was observed that the algal biomass and the media used for the experiment turned purple in colour indicating reduction of Au (III) to Au (0) at intra- and extracellular level. This was confirmed by TEM studies of L. majuscula biomass exposed in HAuCl4 solution where <20-nm-sized gold particles were found both inside as well as on the surface of the cell. Up to 90–100% of accumulated gold was recovered from the algal biomass by using nitric acid and acidic thiourea solution.
Citations
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Journal Article
TL;DR: An overview of silver nanoparticle preparation by physical, chemical, and biological synthesis is presented to reflect on the current state and future prospects, especially the potentials and limitations of the above mentioned techniques for industries.
Abstract: Silver nanoparticles (NPs) have been the subjects of researchers because of their unique properties (e.g., size and shape depending optical, antimicrobial, and electrical properties). A variety of preparation techniques have been reported for the synthesis of silver NPs; notable examples include, laser ablation, gamma irradiation, electron irradiation, chemical reduction, photochemical methods, microwave processing, and biological synthetic methods. This review presents an overview of silver nanoparticle preparation by physical, chemical, and biological synthesis. The aim of this review article is, therefore, to reflect on the current state and future prospects, especially the potentials and limitations of the above mentioned techniques for industries.

1,141 citations


Cites background from "Biorecovery of gold using cyanobact..."

  • ...Cyanobacteria and eukaryotic alga genera such as Lyngbya majuscule, Spirulina subsalsa, Rhizoclonium heiroglyphicum, Chlorella vulgaris, Cladophora prolifera, Padina pavonica, Spirulina platensis, and Sargassum fluitans can be used as cost effective means for biorecovery of gold out of the aqueous solutions, as well as the formation of gold NPs (133-136)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The key applications reviewed here include biomedical applications, especially antimicrobial applications, but also imaging applications, catalytic applications such as reduction of environmental contaminants, and electrochemical applications including sensing.

363 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Dec 2017
TL;DR: This review encompasses the recent advances in the GS of MNPs using plants, animals and microorganisms and analyzes the key points and further discusses the pros and cons of GS in respect of chemical synthesis.
Abstract: The green synthesis (GS) of different metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) has re-evaluated plants, animals and microorganisms for their natural potential to reduce metallic ions into neutral atoms at no expense of toxic and hazardous chemicals. Contrary to chemically synthesized MNPs, GS offers advantages of enhanced biocompatibility and thus has better scope for biomedical applications. Plant, animals and microorganisms belonging to lower and higher taxonomic groups have been experimented for GS of MNPs, such as gold (Au), silver (Ag), copper oxide (CuO), zinc oxide (ZnO), iron (Fe2O3), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), nickel oxide (NiO) and magnesium oxide (MgO). Among the different plant groups used for GS, angiosperms and algae have been explored the most with great success. GS with animal-derived biomaterials, such as chitin, silk (sericin, fibroin and spider silk) or cell extract of invertebrates have also been reported. Gram positive and gram negative bacteria, different fungal species and virus particles have also shown their abilities in the reduction of metal ions. However, not a thumb rule, most of the reducing agents sourced from living world also act as capping agents and render MNPs less toxic or more biocompatible. The most unexplored area so far in GS is the mechanism studies for different natural reducing agents expect for few of them, such as tea and neem plants. This review encompasses the recent advances in the GS of MNPs using plants, animals and microorganisms and analyzes the key points and further discusses the pros and cons of GS in respect of chemical synthesis.

292 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review examines the biological mechanism and enzymatic process of nanoparticle production of biological systems used in nanoparticle synthesis.
Abstract: Recent developments in the biosynthesis of nanomaterials have demonstrated the important role of biological systems and microorganisms in nanoscience and nanotechnology. These organisms show a unique potential in environmentally friendly production and accumulation of nanoparticles with different shapes and sizes. Therefore, researchers in the field of nanoparticle synthesis are focusing their attention to biological systems. In order to obtain different applied chemical compositions, controlled monodispersity, desired morphologies (e.g., amorphous, spherical, needles, crystalline, triangular, and hexagonal), and interested particle size, they have investigated the biological mechanism and enzymatic process of nanoparticle production. In this review, most of these organisms used in nanoparticle synthesis are shown.

254 citations


Cites background from "Biorecovery of gold using cyanobact..."

  • ...Cyanobacteria and eukaryotic alga genera such as Lyngbya majuscule, Spirulina subsalsa, and Rhizoclonium heiroglyphicum could be used as cost-effective means for the biorecovery of gold out of the aqueous solutions, as well as the formation of gold nanoparticles (Chakraborty et al., 2009)....

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  • ...In another study, Chakraborty et al. (2009) demonstrated that live algal biomass might be a viable cost-effective tool for biorecovery and phytomining of gold as well as formation of gold nanoparticles....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The present paper reviews the information available on algae-mediated biosynthesis of various NPs, their characterization and applications in different domains and concludes that algae are an appealing platform for the production of diverse NMs.

247 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is observed that aqueous silver ions when exposed to the fungus Fusarium oxysporum are reduced in solution, thereby leading to the formation of an extremely stable silver hydrosol, creating the possibility of developing a rational, fungal-based method for the synthesis of nanomaterials over a range of chemical compositions, which is currently not possible by other microbe-based methods.

1,765 citations


"Biorecovery of gold using cyanobact..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Moreover, intracellular synthesis of gold nanoparticles was also reported in Rhodococcus sp., an alkalotolerant actinomycete (Ahmed et al. 2003b), and in the alfalfa biomass as purple-coloured depositions (Gardea-Torresdey et al. 1998)....

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  • ...…especially the bacteria, fungi (Pethkar and Paknikar 1998; Fortin and Beveridge 2000; Mukherjee et al. 2001a, 2002; Niar and Pradeep 2002; Ahmed et al. 2003a, 2003b, 2003c; Shankar et al. 2003; Konishi et al. 2004) and some higher plants (GardeaTorresdey 1998, 2002; Ankamwar et al. 2005)…...

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  • ...Complete reduction and formation of spherical and monodispersed gold nanoparticles of 8 nm size was also observed in extremophilic actinomycete Thermomonospora (Ahmed et al. 2003a) and the fungal genus Colleotrichum (Shankar et al. 2003)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
05 Nov 1999-Science
TL;DR: A set of polycationic peptides isolated from diatom cell walls were shown to generate networks of silica nanospheres within seconds when added to a solution of silicic acid.
Abstract: Diatom cell walls are regarded as a paradigm for controlled production of nanostructured silica, but the mechanisms allowing biosilicification to proceed at ambient temperature at high rates have remained enigmatic. A set of polycationic peptides (called silaffins) isolated from diatom cell walls were shown to generate networks of silica nanospheres within seconds when added to a solution of silicic acid. Silaffins contain covalently modified lysine-lysine elements. The first lysine bears a polyamine consisting of 6 to 11 repeats of the N-methyl-propylamine unit. The second lysine was identified as epsilon-N,N-dimethyl-lysine. These modifications drastically influence the silica-precipitating activity of silaffins.

1,306 citations


"Biorecovery of gold using cyanobact..." refers background in this paper

  • ...In this regard, formation of siliceous frustules as a natural source of nanosilica by diatoms and bioreduction together with magnetic nanoparticle production by magnetostatic bacteria are wellknown examples (Mann 1993; Oliver et al. 1995; Kroger et al. 1999; Dickson 1999)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
Stephen Mann1
07 Oct 1993-Nature
TL;DR: The basic constructional processes of biomineralization (supramolecular pre-organization, interfacial molecular recognition (templating) and cellular processing) can provide useful archetypes for molecular-scale building, or "molecular tectonics" in inorganic materials chemistry.
Abstract: The systematic fabrication of advanced materials will require the construction of architectures over scales ranging from the molecular to the macroscopic. The basic constructional processes of biomineralization—supramolecular pre-organization, interfacial molecular recognition (templating) and cellular processing—can provide useful archetypes for molecular-scale building, or ‘molecular tectonics’, in inorganic materials chemistry.

1,083 citations


"Biorecovery of gold using cyanobact..." refers background in this paper

  • ...In this regard, formation of siliceous frustules as a natural source of nanosilica by diatoms and bioreduction together with magnetic nanoparticle production by magnetostatic bacteria are wellknown examples (Mann 1993; Oliver et al. 1995; Kroger et al. 1999; Dickson 1999)....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review describes a brief overview of the current research worldwide on the use of microorganisms in the biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles and their applications.
Abstract: Nanomaterials are at the leading edge of the rapidly developing field of nanotechnology. The development of reliable experimental protocols for the synthesis of nanomaterials over a range of chemical compositions, sizes, and high monodispersity is one of the challenging issues in current nanotechnology. In the context of the current drive to develop green technologies in material synthesis, this aspect of nanotechnology is of considerable importance. Biological systems, masters of ambient condition chemistry, synthesize inorganic materials that are hierarchically organized from the nano- to the macroscale. Recent studies on the use of microorganisms in the synthesis of nanoparticles are a relatively new and exciting area of research with considerable potential for development. This review describes a brief overview of the current research worldwide on the use of microorganisms in the biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles and their applications.

926 citations


Additional excerpts

  • ...(Mandal et al. 2006)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The use of geranium leaves and its endophytic fungus in the extra-cellular synthesis of gold nanoparticles and the possibility of achieving nanoparticle shape control in a host leaf–fungus system is potentially exciting.
Abstract: Development of biologically inspired experimental processes for the synthesis of nanoparticles is an important branch of nanotechnology. In this paper, we report on the use of geranium leaves (Pelargonium graveolens) and its endophytic fungus in the extra-cellular synthesis of gold nanoparticles. Sterilized geranium leaves and an endophytic fungus (Colletotrichum sp.) growing in the leaves were separately exposed to aqueous chloroaurate ions. In both cases, rapid reduction of the metal ions was observed resulting in the formation of stable gold nanoparticles of variable size. In the case of gold nanoparticles synthesized using geranium leaves, the reducing and capping agents appear to be terpenoids while they are identified to be polypeptides/enzymes in the Colletotrichum sp. case. The biogenic gold nanoparticles synthesized using the fungus were essentially spherical in shape while the particles grown using the leaves exhibited a variety of shapes that included rods, flat sheets and triangles. While the exact reasons for shape variability are not clear at this stage, the possibility of achieving nanoparticle shape control in a host leaf–fungus system is potentially exciting.

858 citations


"Biorecovery of gold using cyanobact..." refers background in this paper

  • ...As an alternative, microorganisms, especially the bacteria, fungi (Pethkar and Paknikar 1998; Fortin and Beveridge 2000; Mukherjee et al. 2001a, 2002; Niar and Pradeep 2002; Ahmed et al. 2003a, 2003b, 2003c; Shankar et al. 2003; Konishi et al. 2004) and some higher plants (GardeaTorresdey 1998, 2002; Ankamwar et al....

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  • ...2003a) and the fungal genus Colleotrichum (Shankar et al. 2003)....

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  • ...…fungi (Pethkar and Paknikar 1998; Fortin and Beveridge 2000; Mukherjee et al. 2001a, 2002; Niar and Pradeep 2002; Ahmed et al. 2003a, 2003b, 2003c; Shankar et al. 2003; Konishi et al. 2004) and some higher plants (GardeaTorresdey 1998, 2002; Ankamwar et al. 2005) have been found to be possible…...

    [...]

  • ...Complete reduction and formation of spherical and monodispersed gold nanoparticles of 8 nm size was also observed in extremophilic actinomycete Thermomonospora (Ahmed et al. 2003a) and the fungal genus Colleotrichum (Shankar et al. 2003)....

    [...]