Biosphere-atmosphere exchange of NOx in the tropical mangrove forest
TL;DR: In this paper, the Sundarban mangrove forest along the northeast coast of the Bay of Bengal, India, showed uptake rate of −0.84 to −1.63 ng N m−2 s−1 during the day and both uptake and emission rates of − 0.36 to 5.19 ng Nm−2 S−1 in the night from September to February.
Abstract: [1] Biosphere-atmosphere exchange of NOx at the Sundarban mangrove forest along the northeast coast of the Bay of Bengal, India, showed uptake rates of −0.84 to −1.63 ng N m−2 s−1 during the day and both uptake and emission rates of −0.36 to 5.19 ng N m−2 s−1 during the night from September to February. However, during the period from March to August, NOx emission ranged between 0.34 and 2.13 ng N m−2 s−1 and 0.88 and 3.26 ng N m−2 s−1 in daytime and nighttime, respectively. During the postmonsoon period, NOx uptake could be attributed to mangrove stomatal activity during the day. Mangroves absorbed nitrogen from both the soil and the atmosphere. Seasonal and diurnal variability of NOx and O3 is partly due to plant growth in the postmonsoon period. In addition to the NOx-O3 photochemical cycle, stomatal uptake of NOx could also be an important process for keeping a low-ozone state at the land-ocean boundary of the northeast coast of the Bay of Bengal.
Citations
More filters
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used a box model approach to assess the nitrogen budget in the Sundarban mangrove ecosystem, which acts as a sink for atmospheric nitrogen in terms of NOx, NH3, N2, and water column dissolved inorganic nitrogen.
56 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the distribution and exchange fluxes of methane (CH4) were measured in a mangrove vegetated island and its bordering estuarine system of the Sundarbans biosphere from June 2010 to December 2011 on monthly basis.
47 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a ship-based multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) measurements were performed within the SHIVA campaign on board RV Sonne in the South China and Sulu Sea.
35 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the capacity of world's largest mangrove, the Sundarbans (Indian part) to sequester anthropogenic CO 2 emitted from the proximate coal-based thermal power plant in Kolaghat (∼100 km away from mangroves site).
34 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the relative changes in present level of reservoirs organic carbon contents in response to the future increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide were examined in the Avicennia-dominated mangrove forest at the land-ocean boundary of the northeast coast of the Bay of Bengal.
Abstract: Because of the difficulties in setting up arrangements in the intertidal zone for free-air carbon dioxide enrichment experimentation, the responses to increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide in mangrove forests are poorly studied. This study applied box model to overcome this limitation, and the relative changes in present level of reservoirs organic carbon contents in response to the future increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide were examined in the Avicennia- dominated mangrove forest at the land–ocean boundary of the northeast coast of the Bay of Bengal. The above- and below-ground biomass (AGB+BGB) and sediment held different carbon stock (53.20±2.87Mg C ha −1 (mega gram carbon per hectare) versus 18.52±2.77Mg C ha −1 ). Carbon uptake (0.348mg C m −2 s −1 ) is more than offset by losses from plant emission (0.257mg C m −2 s −1 ), and litter fall (13.52µg C m −2 s −1 ) was more than soil CO 2 and CH 4 emission (8.36 and 1.39µg C m −2 s −1 , respectively). Across inventory plots, Sundarban mangrove forest carbon storage in above- and below-ground live trees and soil increased by 18.89 and 5.94Mg C ha −1 between June 2009 and December 2011. Box model well predicted the dynamics of above- and below-ground biomass and soil organic carbon, and increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations could be the cause of 1.1- and 1.57-fold increases in carbon storage in live biomass and soil, respectively, across Sundarban mangrove forest rather than recovery from past disturbances. Keywords: carbon stock, CO 2 sensitivity, box model, mangrove forest, India (Published: 23 April 2013) Citation: Tellus B 2013, 65 , 18981, http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v65i0.18981
33 citations
References
More filters
Book•
31 Mar 1980
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on one major aspect of cloud microphysics, which involves the processes that lead to the formation of individual cloud and precipitation particles, and provide an account of the major characteristics of atmospheric aerosol particles.
Abstract: Cloud physics has achieved such a voluminous literature over the past few decades that a significant quantitative study of the entire field would prove unwieldy. This book concentrates on one major aspect: cloud microphysics, which involves the processes that lead to the formation of individual cloud and precipitation particles. Common practice has shown that one may distinguish among the following additional major aspects: cloud dynamics, which is concerned with the physics responsible for the macroscopic features of clouds; cloud electricity, which deals with the electrical structure of clouds and the electrification processes of cloud and precipitation particles; and cloud optics and radar meteorology, which describe the effects of electromagnetic waves interacting with clouds and precipitation. Another field intimately related to cloud physics is atmospheric chemistry, which involves the chemical composition of the atmosphere and the life cycle and characteristics of its gaseous and particulate constituents. In view of the natural interdependence of the various aspects of cloud physics, the subject of microphysics cannot be discussed very meaningfully out of context. Therefore, we have found it necessary to touch briefly upon a few simple and basic concepts of cloud dynamics and thermodynamics, and to provide an account of the major characteristics of atmospheric aerosol particles. We have also included a separate chapter on some of the effects of electric fields and charges on the precipitation-forming processes.
5,427 citations
1,809 citations
TL;DR: In this article, two important aerosol species, sulfate and organic particles, have large natural biogenic sources that depend in a highly complex fashion on environmental and ecological parameters and therefore are prone to influence by global change.
Abstract: Atmospheric aerosols play important roles in climate and atmospheric chemistry: They scatter sunlight, provide condensation nuclei for cloud droplets, and participate in heterogeneous chemical reactions. Two important aerosol species, sulfate and organic particles, have large natural biogenic sources that depend in a highly complex fashion on environmental and ecological parameters and therefore are prone to influence by global change. Reactions in and on sea-salt aerosol particles may have a strong influence on oxidation processes in the marine boundary layer through the production of halogen radicals, and reactions on mineral aerosols may significantly affect the cycles of nitrogen, sulfur, and atmospheric oxidants.
1,589 citations
Book•
03 Feb 1984
TL;DR: In this article, an up-to-date summary of the current knowledge of the statistical characteristics of atmospheric turbulence and an introduction to the methods required to apply these statistics to practical engineering problems is presented.
Abstract: Presents, in a single volume, an up-to-date summary of the current knowledge of the statistical characteristics of atmospheric turbulence and an introduction to the methods required to apply these statistics to practical engineering problems. Covers basic physics and statistics, statistical properties emphasizing their behavior close to the ground, and applications for engineers.
1,138 citations
TL;DR: A significant suppression of the global land-carbon sink is found as increases in ozone concentrations affect plant productivity, and the resulting indirect radiative forcing by ozone effects on plants could contribute more to global warming than the direct radiativeforcing due to tropospheric ozone increases.
Abstract: The evolution of the Earth's climate over the twenty-first century depends on the rate at which anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions are removed from the atmosphere by the ocean and land carbon cycles. Coupled climate-carbon cycle models suggest that global warming will act to limit the land-carbon sink, but these first generation models neglected the impacts of changing atmospheric chemistry. Emissions associated with fossil fuel and biomass burning have acted to approximately double the global mean tropospheric ozone concentration, and further increases are expected over the twenty-first century. Tropospheric ozone is known to damage plants, reducing plant primary productivity and crop yields, yet increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations are thought to stimulate plant primary productivity. Increased carbon dioxide and ozone levels can both lead to stomatal closure, which reduces the uptake of either gas, and in turn limits the damaging effect of ozone and the carbon dioxide fertilization of photosynthesis. Here we estimate the impact of projected changes in ozone levels on the land-carbon sink, using a global land carbon cycle model modified to include the effect of ozone deposition on photosynthesis and to account for interactions between ozone and carbon dioxide through stomatal closure. For a range of sensitivity parameters based on manipulative field experiments, we find a significant suppression of the global land-carbon sink as increases in ozone concentrations affect plant productivity. In consequence, more carbon dioxide accumulates in the atmosphere. We suggest that the resulting indirect radiative forcing by ozone effects on plants could contribute more to global warming than the direct radiative forcing due to tropospheric ozone increases.
913 citations