Biotechnological Potential of Oxidative Enzymes from Actinobacteria
11 Feb 2016-
TL;DR: This chapter will focus on selected oxi‐ dative enzymes found in actinobacteria, their potential for application in industrial processes and how to access and improve these enzymes to suit the required bio‐ process conditions.
Abstract: Oxidative enzymes are often considered for use in industrial processes because of the variety of reactions they are able to catalyse. In the past, most of these oxidative en‐ zymes were obtained from fungi. However, in recent years, it has become evident that these enzymes are also produced by bacteria, including actinobacterial strains, which can therefore be considered as an underexploited resource of oxidative enzymes with potential for application in various industries. This chapter will focus on selected oxi‐ dative enzymes found in actinobacteria, their potential for application in industrial processes and how we can access and improve these enzymes to suit the required bio‐ process conditions.
Citations
More filters
19 Aug 2016
TL;DR: This review highlights and discusses current technical and scientific involvement of microorganisms in enzyme production and their present status in worldwide enzyme market.
Abstract: Biocatalytic potential of microorganisms have been employed for centuries to produce bread, wine, vinegar and other common products without understanding the biochemical basis of their ingredients. Microbial enzymes have gained interest for their widespread uses in industries and medicine owing to their stability, catalytic activity, and ease of production and optimization than plant and animal enzymes. The use of enzymes in various industries (e.g., food, agriculture, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals) is increasing rapidly due to reduced processing time, low energy input, cost effectiveness, nontoxic and eco-friendly characteristics. Microbial enzymes are capable of degrading toxic chemical compounds of industrial and domestic wastes (phenolic compounds, nitriles, amines etc.) either via degradation or conversion. Here in this review, we highlight and discuss current technical and scientific involvement of microorganisms in enzyme production and their present status in worldwide enzyme market.
611 citations
Cites background from "Biotechnological Potential of Oxida..."
...…urease (EC 3.5.1.5) and glutamate dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.2) for urea; lipase, carboxyl esterase, and glycerol kinase for triglycerides; urate oxidase (EC 1.7.3.3) for uric acid; creatinase (EC 3.5.3.3) and sarcosine oxidases (EC 1.5.3.1) for creatinine (Dordick 2013; Le Roes-Hill and Prins 2016)....
[...]
...These enzymes, like laccase, manganese peroxidase, lignin peroxidase and tyrosinase catalyze the removal of chlorinated phenolic compounds from industrial effluents (Gianfreda et al. 1999; Mai et al. 2000; Have and Teunissen 2001; Piontek et al. 2001; Le Roes-Hill and Prins 2016)....
[...]
TL;DR: An approach has been made to highlight and discuss their potential relevance in biotechnological applications and industrial bio-processes, significant biochemical characteristics of the microbial enzymes, and various tools that are revitalizing the novel enzymes discovery.
Abstract: Microbes are ubiquitously distributed in nature and are a critical part of the holobiont fitness. They are perceived as the most potential biochemical reservoir of inordinately diverse and multi-functional enzymes. The robust nature of the microbial enzymes with thermostability, pH stability and multi-functionality make them potential candidates for the efficient biotechnological processes under diverse physio-chemical conditions. The need for sustainable solutions to various environmental challenges has further surged the demand for industrial enzymes. Fueled by the recent advent of recombinant DNA technology, genetic engineering, and high-throughput sequencing and omics techniques, numerous microbial enzymes have been developed and further exploited for various industrial and therapeutic applications. Most of the hydrolytic enzymes (protease being the dominant hydrolytic enzyme) have broad range of industrial uses such as food and feed processing, polymer synthesis, production of pharmaceuticals, manufactures of detergents, paper and textiles, and bio-fuel refinery. In this review article, after a short overview of microbial enzymes, an approach has been made to highlight and discuss their potential relevance in biotechnological applications and industrial bio-processes, significant biochemical characteristics of the microbial enzymes, and various tools that are revitalizing the novel enzymes discovery.
55 citations
TL;DR: This review will provide information about enzymes from various marine microorganisms and their complexity in the biodegradation of comprehensive range of industrial wastes and their role in the development of advanced bioprocess technology.
Abstract: Bioremediation process using microorganisms is a kind of nature-friendly and cost-effective clean green technology. Recently, biodegradation of industrial wastes using enzymes from marine microorganisms has been reported worldwide. The prospectus research activity in remediation area would contribute toward the development of advanced bioprocess technology. To minimize industrial wastes, marine enzymes could constitute a novel alternative in terms of waste treatment. Nowadays, the evidence on the mechanisms of bioremediation-related enzymes from marine microorganisms has been extensively studied. This review also will provide information about enzymes from various marine microorganisms and their complexity in the biodegradation of comprehensive range of industrial wastes.
33 citations
Cites background from "Biotechnological Potential of Oxida..."
...Oxidoreductases enzymes, like manganese peroxidase, laccase, lignin peroxidase, and tyrosinase, catalyze or eliminate the industrial effluents of chlorinated phenolic compounds (Le Roes-Hill & Prins, 2016)....
[...]
06 Apr 2021
TL;DR: This chapter summarizes the current developments of enzyme technology and highlights the environment-friendly and sustainable enzymatic textile processing in the textile industry.
Abstract: Enzymatic treatments have gained popularity in the textile industry because of environmental friendly and energy conserving alternatives. Advancement in biotechnology and modification of enzymes has been focused based on various textile process applications. All the manufacturing steps of textile chemical processing, enzymes are using for implementations of the green technology to meet up the challenge of fourth industrial revolution. In this category, amylases, peroxidase used for desizing and bleaching, cellulase activates for bio polishing and denim finishing. This chapter summarizes the current developments of enzyme technology and highlights the environment-friendly and sustainable enzymatic textile processing in the textile industry.
14 citations
01 Jan 2020
TL;DR: This article stresses on microbial fabricators and their potential to engender innovative biologically active compounds and their starring role in the simplification of human life.
Abstract: Microbes are ubiquitous in nature, and the tremendous potential of microbes is an unquestionable and unhidden phenomenon The pharmaceutical aspects of microbial diversity can be judiciously explored for patronizing and safeguarding human health standards Several studies have unveiled the remarkable wonders which target to prolong and ease the human health by treating pathogenic diseases and by curing different metabolic disorders, thereby sustaining human regime Generally, the aim of pharmaceutical microbiology is to offer acquaintance and consider the importance of the occurrence of bacteria, yeasts, moulds, viruses and toxins in diverse pharmacological raw materials, products, intermediates and the environs advocating therapeutic construction as well as the microbial regulator of medicinal harvests, manufacturing surroundings and people Meanwhile, the outline of this functional theme area of microbiology, above the ages, pharmacological microbiology, has advanced and stretched expressively to comprehend numerous other sides, eg examination and expansion of novel anti-infective representatives, the use of microbes to perceive mutagenic and oncogenic prospective in medications and the usage of microbes in the production of insulin and various other human growth hormone An array of bioactive composites sequestered using different approaches have not only exposed prominence in diverse pharmaceutical and biotechnological solicitations but have also augmented the indulgence of mankind in exploring variety of microbiota and targeting their diverse functions and the credulous biology behind their production The defensible and pecuniary stream of the dynamic pharmaceutical elements is often calmer to accomplish for composites fashioned through microbial fermentation attitudes versus the gardening of slower developing macroorganisms This article stresses on microbial fabricators and their potential to engender innovative biologically active compounds and their starring role in the simplification of human life
11 citations
References
More filters
TL;DR: An enzymatic method is described for determination of total serum cholesterol by use of a single aqueous reagent and has excellent precision.
Abstract: An enzymatic method is described for determination of total serum cholesterol by use of a single aqueous reagent. The method requires no prior treatment of sample and the calibration curve is linear to 600 mg/dl. Cholesterol esters are hydrolyzed to free cholesterol by cholesterol ester hydrolase (EC 3.1.1.13). The free cholesterol produced is oxidized by cholesterol oxidase to cholest-4-en-3-one with the simultaneous production of hydrogen peroxide, which oxidatively couples with 4-aminoantipyrine and phenol in the presence of peroxidase to yield a chromogen with maximum absorption at 500 nm. The method is reproducible, and the results correlate well with those obtained by automated Liebermann—Burchard procedures (AA-2 and SMA 12/60) and the method of Abell et al. The present method affords better specificity than those previously reported and has excellent precision.
8,750 citations
TL;DR: A classification system in which phylogenetically neighboring taxa at the genus level are clustered into families, suborders, orders, subclasses, and a class irrespective of those phenotypec characteristics on which the delineation of taxa has been based in the past is presented.
Abstract: A new hierarchic classification structure for the taxa between the taxonomic levels of genus and class is Proposed for the actinomycete line of descent as defined by analysis of small subunit (16S) rRNA and genes coding for this molecule (rDNA). While the traditional circumscription of a genus of the actinomycete subphylum is by and large in accord with the 16S rRNA/rDNA-based phylogenetic clustering of these organisms. most of the higher taxa proposed in the past do not take into account the phylogenetic clustering of genera. The rich chemical, morphological and physiological diversity of phylogenetically closely related genera makes the description of families and higher taxa so broad that they become meaningless for the description of the enclosed taxa. Here we present a classification system in which phylogenetically neighboring taxa at the genus level are clustered into families, suborders, orders, subclasses, and a class irrespective of those phenotypec characteristics on which the delineation of taxa has been based in the past. Rather than being based on a listing of a wide array of chemotaxonomic, morphological, and physiological properties, the delineation is based solely on 16S rDNA/rRNA sequence-based phylogenetic clustering and the presence of taxon-specific 16S rDNA RNA signature nucleotides.
1,597 citations
"Biotechnological Potential of Oxida..." refers background in this paper
...Values in brackets represent the number of genera described for each family (adapted from [3]; updated June 2015)....
[...]
TL;DR: In the procedure presented here, hydrogen peroxide is measured by reaction with quadrivalent titanium and xylenol orange, which constitutes a one-enzyme assay with stable reagents, which does not require protein precipitation and is not subject to interference from hemoglobin or bilirubin.
Abstract: I describe the characterization, extraction, and purification of a cholesterol:oxygen oxidoreductase (EC 1.1.3.6) from Nocardia sp. This enzyme catalyzes oxidation of cholesterol to Δ4-choIestenone, with production of hydrogen peroxide. It is very stable, active over a wide pH range, and has a Km of 1.4 x 10-5 mol/ liter. It is highly specific for Δ4- or Δ5-3β-hydroxycholestanes, and may be applied to the assay of serum total cholesterol. In the procedure presented here, hydrogen peroxide is measured by reaction with quadrivalent titanium and xylenol orange. This constitutes a one-enzyme assay with stable reagents, which does not require protein precipitation and is not subject to interference from hemoglobin or bilirubin.
1,476 citations
"Biotechnological Potential of Oxida..." refers background in this paper
...Cholesterol oxidase (CO) is a prokaryotic enzyme that has been very useful for biotechnological applica‐ tions, where it has been applied in the detection and conversion of cholesterol [15-17]....
[...]
TL;DR: A better knowledge of the factors controlling the formation of amines is necessary in order to improve the quality and safety of food as discussed by the authors, which can be found in both raw and processed foods.
1,283 citations
Additional excerpts
...[97-98]....
[...]
TL;DR: A status report summarizing their reactions, substrates, Inducers, and Inhibitors is given in this article, with a focus on human CYtochrome P450 enzymes.
Abstract: (1997). Human Cytochrome P450 Enzymes: A Status Report Summarizing Their Reactions, Substrates, Inducers, and Inhibitors. Drug Metabolism Reviews: Vol. 29, No. 1-2, pp. 413-580.
1,170 citations
"Biotechnological Potential of Oxida..." refers background in this paper
...As such, they are exploited for their potential applications in the production of drugs, vitamins, fragrances and pesticides [71-72]....
[...]