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Journal ArticleDOI

Biotechnological production of gluconic acid: future implications

14 Feb 2007-Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (Springer-Verlag)-Vol. 75, Iss: 4, pp 713-722
TL;DR: Advancements in biotechnology such as screening of microorganisms, immobilization techniques, and modifications in fermentation process for continuous fermentation, including genetic engineering programmes, could lead to cost-effective production of glucoseconic acid.
Abstract: Gluconic acid (GA) is a multifunctional carbonic acid regarded as a bulk chemical in the food, feed, beverage, textile, pharmaceutical, and construction industries. The favored production process is submerged fermentation by Aspergillus niger utilizing glucose as a major carbohydrate source, which accompanied product yield of 98%. However, use of GA and its derivatives is currently restricted because of high prices: about US$ 1.20–8.50/kg. Advancements in biotechnology such as screening of microorganisms, immobilization techniques, and modifications in fermentation process for continuous fermentation, including genetic engineering programmes, could lead to cost-effective production of GA. Among alternative carbohydrate sources, sugarcane molasses, grape must show highest GA yield of 95.8%, and banana must may assist reducing the overall cost of GA production. These methodologies would open new markets and increase applications of GA.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Recent advances and developments in catalytic transformations of the carbohydrate content of lignocellulosic biomass to IPCs (i.e., ethanol, 3-hydroxypropionic acid, isoprene, succinic and levulinic acids, furfural, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural) are overviewed.
Abstract: The replacement of fossil resources that currently provide more than 90% of our energy needs and feedstocks of the chemical industry in combination with reduced emission of carbon dioxide is one of the most pressing challenges of mankind. Biomass as a globally available resource has been proposed as an alternative feedstock for production of basic building blocks, which could partially or even fully replace the currently utilized fossil-based ones in well-established chemical processes. The destruction of lignocellulosic feed followed by oxygen removal from its cellulose and hemicellulose content by catalytic processes results in the formation of initial platform chemicals (IPCs). However, their sustainable production strongly depends on the availability of resources, their efficient or even industrially viable conversion processes, and replenishment time of feedstocks. Herein, we overview recent advances and developments in catalytic transformations of the carbohydrate content of lignocellulosic biomass ...

784 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This critical review focuses on the origins and preparation of bio-based surfactants, defined here as non-soap, amphiphilic molecules in which the carbon atoms are derived from annually renewable feedstocks.
Abstract: This critical review focuses on the origins and preparation of bio-based surfactants, defined here as non-soap, amphiphilic molecules in which the carbon atoms are derived from annually renewable feedstocks Environmental concerns and market pressures have led to greater relevance of these chemicals in commercial applications in recent years and extensive research has gone into exploring new classes of surfactants Highlighted here are examples of bio-based surfactants that are produced on an industrial scale and/or are based on abundant starting materials The trend of increasing use of renewable resources as starting materials for surfactants is introduced, followed by extensive discussion of the major classes of bio-derived hydrophobes and hydrophiles Also discussed is the status of research and development with regard to biosynthetically produced surfactants Finally, concluding remarks address the potential for new surfactant molecular structures as a result of ongoing development in the chemistry of biorefineries, ie, that the transformation of lignocellulose into fuels is likely to support the manufacturing of new bio-based coproducts (238 references)

227 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The present review aims to provide an overview of AAB physiology focusing carbon sources oxidation and main products of their metabolism.
Abstract: Acetic acid bacteria (AAB) are obligately aerobic bacteria within the family Acetobacteraceae, widespread in sugary, acidic and alcoholic niches. They are known for their ability to partially oxidise a variety of carbohydrates and to release the corresponding metabolites (aldehydes, ketones and organic acids) into the media. Since a long time they are used to perform specific oxidation reactions through processes called “oxidative fermentations”, especially in vinegar production. In the last decades physiology of AAB have been widely studied because of their role in food production, where they act as beneficial or spoiling organisms, and in biotechnological industry, where their oxidation machinery is exploited to produce a number of compounds such as l-ascorbic acid, dihydroxyacetone, gluconic acid and cellulose. The present review aims to provide an overview of AAB physiology focusing carbon sources oxidation and main products of their metabolism.

198 citations


Cites background from "Biotechnological production of gluc..."

  • ...oxydans which oxidize glucose to gluconate by the membrane bound glucose dehydrogenase [17]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented the largest model reconstruction of a metabolic network reported for a fungal species, based on the reportings of 371 articles and comprising 1190 biochemically unique reactions and 871 ORFs.
Abstract: The release of the genome sequences of two strains of Aspergillus niger has allowed systems-level investigations of this important microbial cell factory. To this end, tools for doing data integration of multi-ome data are necessary, and especially interesting in the context of metabolism. On the basis of an A. niger bibliome survey, we present the largest model reconstruction of a metabolic network reported for a fungal species. The reconstructed gapless metabolic network is based on the reportings of 371 articles and comprises 1190 biochemically unique reactions and 871 ORFs. Inclusion of isoenzymes increases the total number of reactions to 2240. A graphical map of the metabolic network is presented. All levels of the reconstruction process were based on manual curation. From the reconstructed metabolic network, a mathematical model was constructed and validated with data on yields, fluxes and transcription. The presented metabolic network and map are useful tools for examining systemwide data in a metabolic context. Results from the validated model show a great potential for expanding the use of A. niger as a high-yield production platform.

197 citations

References
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Journal Article
TL;DR: This review focuses on the production of various industrial enzymes by SSF processes, and an illustrative survey is presented on various individual groups of enzymes such as cellulolytic, pectinolytics, ligninolytic, amylolytic and lipolytic enzymes.
Abstract: Enzymes are among the most important products. obtained for human needs through microbial sources. A large number of industrial processes in the areas of industrial, environmental and food biotechnology utilize enzymes at some stage or the other. Current developments in biotechnology are yielding new applications for enzymes. Solid state fermentation (SSF) holds tremendous potential for the production of enzymes. Tt can be of special interest in those processes where the crude fermented products may be used directly as enzyme sources. This review focuses on the production of various industrial enzymes by SSF processes. Following a brief discussion of the micro-organisms and the substrates used in SSF systems, and aspects of the design of fermenter and the factors affecting production of enzymes, an illustrative survey is presented on various individual groups of enzymes such as cellulolytic, pectinolytic, ligninolytic, amylolytic and lipolytic enzymes, etc.

912 citations


"Biotechnological production of gluc..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...Therefore, SF has been modified by employing a perforated solid support to the microorganism using natural substrate as a carbon/energy source in the presence of little or no free-liquid medium to develop SSF process (Shankaranand et al. 1992; Pandey et al. 1999; Singh et al. 2003)....

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  • ...Therefore, SF has been modified by employing a perforated solid support to the microorganism using natural substrate as a carbon/energy source in the presence of little or no free-liquid medium to develop SSF process (Shankaranand et al. 1992; Pandey et al. 1999; Singh et al. 2003)....

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Journal Article
TL;DR: Gluconic acid is a mild organic acid derived from glucose by a simple oxidation reaction, the principal being sodium gluconate, which has wide applications in food and pharmaceutical industry.
Abstract: Summary Gluconic acid is a mild organic acid derived from glucose by a simple oxidation reaction. The reaction is facilitated by the enzyme glucose oxidase (fungi) and glucose dehydrogenase (bacteria such as Gluconobacter). Microbial production of gluconic acid is the preferred method and it dates back to several decades. The most studied and widely used fermentation process involves the fungus Aspergillus niger. Gluconic acid and its derivatives, the principal being sodium gluconate, have wide applications in food and pharmaceutical industry. This article gives a review of microbial gluconic acid production, its properties and applications.

490 citations


"Biotechnological production of gluc..." refers background in this paper

  • ...2); this process has been reviewed by Milson and Meers (1985) and Ramachandran et al. (2006)....

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  • ...GA has been extensively used in the cleaning and construction industries as an additive to increase cement resistance and stability under extreme climatic conditions (Milson and Meers 1985; Roehr et al. 1996; Ramachandran et al. 2006)....

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  • ...Besides A. niger, other species of the genera such as Penicillium, Gliocadium, Scopulariopsis, and Gonatobotrys have been tested for GA production and reviewed by Milson and Meers (1985) and Ramachandran et al. (2006)....

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  • ...Hence, the microbial conversion of glucose into GA in submerged fermentation process employing fungal species like A. niger and Penicillium and bacterial species such as Pseudomonas, Acetobacter, and Gluconobacter, etc. has been reviewed in the past (Milson and Meers 1985, Ramachandran et al. 2006)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Remarkable differences in the morphology of A. niger and dry cell weight between SM and GM were observed, and the difference in morphology may have caused a reduction of oxygen transfer, resulting in a decrease in gluconic acid production rate in SM.

105 citations


"Biotechnological production of gluc..." refers background or methods in this paper

  • ...The microorganism A. niger IAM 2094, which consumes glucose as a carbon source and produce GA (Sakurai et al. 1989; Sankpal et al. 1999; Sankpal and Kulkarni 2002), was employed in saccharified solution of waste papers and provided 92% yield of GA (Ikeda et al. 2006)....

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  • ...A wide variety of cheaper carbohydrate sources including sugarcane molasses, beet molasses, grape must, banana must, and paper waste have been proposed as substrates for GA production with 85–95% yield (Kundu and Das 1984; Roukas and Harvey 1988; Buzzini et al. 1993; Rao et al. 1994; Rao and Panda 1994; Singh et al. 2003, 2005; Ikeda et al. 2006; Singh and Singh 2006)....

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  • ...About 92% GA yield was observed utilizing saccharified solution of waste papers (Ikeda et al. 2006)....

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  • ...…banana must, food processing residues, figs, cheese whey, beet molasses, and saccharified solution of waste paper (Kundu and Das 1984; Roukas and Harvey 1988; Buzzini et al. 1993; Rao and Panda 1994; Roukas 2000; Fischer and Bipp 2005; Singh et al. 2005; Singh and Singh 2006; Ikeda et al. 2006)....

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  • ...The alternative carbohydrate sources with the potential to make the GA fermentation process more economical are hydrol, corn starch, can molasses, grape must, banana must, food processing residues, figs, cheese whey, beet molasses, and saccharified solution of waste paper (Kundu and Das 1984; Roukas and Harvey 1988; Buzzini et al. 1993; Rao and Panda 1994; Roukas 2000; Fischer and Bipp 2005; Singh et al. 2005; Singh and Singh 2006; Ikeda et al. 2006)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The production of citric and gluconic acids from fig by Aspergillus niger ATCC 10577 in solid-state fermentation was investigated and the addition of 6% (w/w) methanol into substrate increased the concentration from 64 and 490 to 96 and 685 g/kg dry fig, respectively.
Abstract: The production of citric and gluconic acids from fig by Aspergillus niger ATCC 10577 in solid-state fermentation was investigated. The maximal citric and gluconic acids concentration (64 and 490 g/kg dry figs, respectively), citric acid yield (8%), and gluconic acid yield (63%) were obtained at a moisture level of 75%, initial pH 7.0, temperature 30°C, and fermentation time in 15 days. However, the highest biomass dry weight (40 g/kg wet substrate) and sugar utilization (90%) were obtained in cultures grown at 35°C. The addition of 6% (w/w) methanol into substrate increased the concentration of citric and gluconic acid from 64 and 490 to 96 and 685 g/kg dry fig, respectively. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2000) 25, 298–304.

100 citations


"Biotechnological production of gluc..." refers background or methods in this paper

  • ...A. niger ATCC 10577 was employed on fig fruit for GA and citric acid production with 490 g GA/kg dry fig (Roukas 2000)....

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  • ...Most agro-food by-products have acidic pH (2.5–3.5; Singh 2000), so it is recommended to start fermentation at the upper pH range (6.0–7.0; Buzzini et al. 1993; Roukas 2000; Singh et al. 2005; Singh and Singh 2006)....

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  • ...…banana must, food processing residues, figs, cheese whey, beet molasses, and saccharified solution of waste paper (Kundu and Das 1984; Roukas and Harvey 1988; Buzzini et al. 1993; Rao and Panda 1994; Roukas 2000; Fischer and Bipp 2005; Singh et al. 2005; Singh and Singh 2006; Ikeda et al. 2006)....

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  • ...In another attempt using fig fruit, Roukas (2000) obtained 490 g GA/kg dry fig—a 63% yield—and found that adding modulators such as 6% methanol into substrate enhances the levels of GA (685 g GA/kg dry fig)....

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  • ...In another attempt using fig fruit, Roukas (2000) obtained 490 g GA/kg dry fig—a 63% yield—and found that adding modulators such as 6% methanol into substrate enhances the levels of GA (685 g GA/kg dry fig)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Corn steep liquor which is commonly used in bioindustry is a good alternative substrate for high priced glucose for the hybrid promoter and suggests a cost effective means for commercial mass production of GO using recombinant yeast.

89 citations


"Biotechnological production of gluc..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...Park et al. (2000) cloned and expressed GOX from A. niger in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using a yeast shuttle vector....

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  • ...Park et al. (2000) cloned and expressed GOX from A. niger in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using a yeast shuttle vector....

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