Bird strike analysis of jet engine fan blade
01 Mar 2014-pp 1-7
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate the construction of the fan blade and eventually strengthen its' resistance to bird strikes, which is a cause of worry in the aeronautical industry: aircraft both old and new have suffered from bird strikes.
Abstract: Bird strike, also known as avian ingestion, is the collision between a bird and an aircraft. Bird strikes have always been a cause of worry in the aeronautical industry: Aircraft both old and new have suffered from bird strikes. Jet engine ingestion occurs when the bird hits the jet engine of an aircraft and gets sucked in. Given that the fan blades rotate at a high rpm, bird strike on a fan blade causes its displacement into the adjacent blade. This leads to a cascading failure, wherein the entire system fails, thereby resulting in a lot of damage. In this article, we intend to investigate the construction of the fan blade and eventually strengthen its' resistance to bird strikes.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide an overview of the literature dealing with three types of soft impacts of concern for the aerospace applications, namely impacts of rain drops, hailstones and birds against aircraft.
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Abstract: The objective of this proposed work is to predict whether the airline crash has occurred due to a bird strike or not by using data mining techniques. Risk and safety are not always guaranteed within the field of aircraft. Bird strikes are dangerous for aircraft due to the relative speed of the plane with reference to the bird. The characteristics of aircraft damage from bird strikes, which is critical enough to make a high risk to continue a safe flight, differs in step with the dimensions of aircraft. Data from the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), which records all the aircraft accidents, are used as a training data set for the proposed system. Machine learning is the most effective technology to harnessing the useful information and knowledge from big data. The proposed work intended at building a prediction model using machine learning techniques such as decision trees and Bayesian classifications, which can be very useful in the aviation safety system and is utilized to conjecture the air crafts mishaps ahead of time so that there is an extension to the reduction in aircraft crash rate. The prediction results are range between 80% to 90%. The proposed aircraft crash prediction model is also assessed by using synthetic data sets.
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TL;DR: A robust group division algorithm, which can maintain the stability of group division results under any reference point selection, is firstly introduced and a new optimal tracking point estimation method is proposed by introducing the group structure into the likelihood function.
Abstract: Low altitude small target group has the special motion characteristics of orderly as a whole and flexibly as individuals. The performances of traditional target tracking algorithms (such as centroid tracking, geometric centre tracking, etc.) decrease obviously when the group outline changes. Hence in this paper, a robust tracking algorithm for target group with dynamic outline is studied. Aiming at the two key issues of group division and equivalent tracking point estimation, a robust group division algorithm, which can maintain the stability of group division results under any reference point selection, is firstly introduced. Then, on this basis, a new optimal tracking point estimation method is proposed by introducing the group structure into the likelihood function. The simulation results show that this proposed method can effectively improve the robustness of low altitude small target group tracking in the scene of group merging and group splitting.
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Cites background from "Bird strike analysis of jet engine ..."
...Each year, these LSTG not only cause huge economic losses in civil aviation, but also may be maliciously used to endanger public safety [3], [4]....
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References
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TL;DR: A finite-size particle scheme for the numerical solution of two-and three-dimensional gas dynamical problems of astronomical interest is described and tested in this article, which is then applied to the fission problem for optically thick protostars.
Abstract: A finite-size particle scheme for the numerical solution of two- and three-dimensional gas dynamical problems of astronomical interest is described and tested. The scheme is then applied to the fission problem for optically thick protostars. Results are given, showing the evolution of one such protostar from an initial state as a single, rotating star to a final state as a triple system whose components contain 60% of the original mass. The decisiveness of this numerical test of the fission hypothesis and its relevance to observed binaries are briefly discussed.
5,508 citations
"Bird strike analysis of jet engine ..." refers methods in this paper
...Now, SPH (Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics) is a mesh less method introduced by Lucy [9], inspired by Discrete !...
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...Now, SPH (Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics) is a mesh less method introduced by Lucy [9], inspired by Discrete...
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TL;DR: An overview on the development, characteristics and applications of different soft body impactor modeling methods by an extensive literature survey is given, which highlights the advantages and disadvantages of the most established techniques.
191 citations
"Bird strike analysis of jet engine ..." refers background or methods in this paper
...Comparison stated by Heimbs [8] evaluated Lagrangian impactor and SPH modules....
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...In the survey performed by Heimbs [8], he states that the lack of sharp boundaries, which makes the application of boundary conditions difficult and may also affect the definition of fluid–structure interaction; is a disadvantage of the SPH method....
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...As pointed out by Heimbs [8], every element has its own volume fraction consisting of multiple elements such as a fluid....
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01 Jul 1978
TL;DR: An unsteady, hydrodynamic model of the impact of a low strength projectile on a rigid or semi-rigid target has been developed and impact tests of various materials including birds, gelatin, and RTV rubber have been conducted to validate this theory.
Abstract: : An unsteady, hydrodynamic model of the impact of a low strength projectile on a rigid or semi-rigid target has been developed. Impact tests of various materials including birds, gelatin, and RTV rubber have been conducted to validate this theory. At velocities above 100 m/s, these materials were seen to flow as a fluid upon impact. The resulting impact pressure histories were very similar to those predicted using the model. The impact process was dominated by an initial shock phase which was quickly followed by a release to a steady flow condition. This model should be applicable to the impact of any material for which the shock pressures generated during impact are much greater than the strength of the projectile but are less than the strength of the target. (Author)
150 citations
"Bird strike analysis of jet engine ..." refers background in this paper
...Both of these elements have fluid-like characteristics, which closely replicates an actual bird’s impact on an engine blade at high velocities [2]....
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...In his thesis, Wilbeck J. [2] discussed that the projectile and target can be treated as fluids and it is the material density that dominates instead of strength....
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...[2] discussed that the projectile and target can be treated as fluids and it is the material density that dominates instead of strength....
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...! In this shockwave region, the initial pressure generated, called the Hugoniot pressure, has been effectively modeled by Wilbeck [2]....
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...In this shockwave region, the initial pressure generated, called the Hugoniot pressure, has been effectively modeled by Wilbeck [2]....
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TL;DR: In this article, the impact behavior of an artificial bird impinging a flexible aeroengine fan blade was analyzed using the LS-DYNA simulation model and the results showed that the initial contact area between the bird and target in the early phase of the impact event would have a significant effect on the peak impact force.
117 citations
"Bird strike analysis of jet engine ..." refers background in this paper
...[14], where the graphs were obtained for different bird geometries and aspect ratios....
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01 May 1978
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe a program which was conducted to establish the loads which birds exert on aircraft transparencies in collisions, and the loads as derived in this program were to be used as input for the structural analysis computer code of windshield response to bird impact.
Abstract: : Birds and aircraft occupy the same air space and collisions between the two are inevitable. As aircraft speeds have increased, the severity and importance of bird/aircraft impact have also increased. As a result, efforts have been made to reduce the probability of collision by controlling the movement of birds and by changing the flight paths of aircraft. These actions can and have reduced the probability of collision but have not eliminated it. Therefore, the Air Force has initiated programs designed to increase birdstrike resistance of aircraft and aircraft components. This report describes a program which was conducted to establish the loads which birds exert on aircraft transparencies in collisions. The loads as derived in this program were to be used as input for the structural analysis computer code of windshield response to bird impact.
86 citations