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Journal ArticleDOI

Bismuth Phosphinates: Temperature-Dependent Formation of a Macrocycle and 1D Coordination Polymer

TL;DR: In this paper, the reaction of Ph3Bi with a sterically hindered phosphinic acid, 1,1,2,3,3-pentamethyltrimethylene phosphinic acid, {cycP(O)OH·2H2O}, at two different temperatures, one at refluxing conditions and another at room temperature, in tetrahydrofuran has been investigated.
Abstract: The reaction of Ph3Bi with a sterically hindered phosphinic acid, 1,1,2,3,3-pentamethyltrimethylene phosphinic acid, {cycP(O)OH·2H2O}, at two different temperatures, one at refluxing conditions and another at room temperature, in tetrahydrofuran has been investigated. At refluxing conditions, cleavage of two Bi-C bonds (of BiPh3) leads to the formation of a 16-member macrocycle [(PhBi)4(cycPO2)8] (1). On the other hand, the reaction at room temperature leads to the cleavage of one Bi-C bond only, affording a 1D polymer [(Ph2Bi)(cycPO2)]n, ((1,1,2,3,3-pentamethyltrimethylene phosphinate is denoted as cycPO2) (2). Both the complexes were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. In both complexes the phosphinate ligands are present in an anisobidentate (bridging) coordination mode.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: These phenyl bis-phosphinato bismuth(III) complexes show potential to be applied in materials in healthcare facilities, to inhibit the growth of bacteria capable of causing serious disease.
Abstract: A series of poorly soluble phenyl bis-phosphinato bismuth(III) complexes [BiPh(OP(=O)R1 R2 )2 ] (R1 =R2 =Ph; R1 =R2 =p-OMePh; R1 =R2 =m-NO2 Ph; R1 =Ph, R2 =H; R1 =R2 =Me) have been synthesised and characterised, and shown to have effective antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE). The bismuth complexes were incorporated into microfibrillated (nano-) cellulose generating a bismuth-cellulose composite as paper sheets. Antibacterial evaluation indicates that the Bi-cellulose materials have analogous or greater activity against Gram positive bacteria when compared with commercial silver based additives: silver sulfadiazine loaded at 0.43 wt % into nanocellulose produces a 10 mm zone of inhibition on the surface of agar plates containing S. aureus whereas [BiPh(OP(=O)Ph2 )2 ] loaded at 0.34 wt % produces an 18 mm zone of inhibition. These phenyl bis-phosphinato bismuth(III) complexes show potential to be applied in materials in healthcare facilities, to inhibit the growth of bacteria capable of causing serious disease.

22 citations

Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a range of bismuth and antimony complexes in the +-III and +-V oxidation states and evaluated their efficacy toward the treatment of Leishmania or bacteria, including but not limited to: Helicobacter pylori, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus and Escherichia coli.
Abstract: There is an emerging interest in the application of metal complexes in the treatment of microbial infections and colonization. Their unique modes of action and the difficulty that microbes face in evolving mechanisms for resistance toward metal complexes, makes them attractive. Metal complexes offer a way to incorporate a diverse range of ligands and therefore easily tune physico-chemical properties, which in turn can affect the overall behavior of the complex in a biological system. For more than a decade, we have synthesized and characterized a range of bismuth and antimony complexes in the + III and + V oxidation states and evaluated their efficacy toward the treatment of Leishmania or bacteria, including but not limited to: Helicobacter pylori, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus and Escherichia coli. In many cases these novel complexes outperform the current medicinal compounds employed. There is still work to be done to understand the relationship between the chemical structure of metal complexes and their corresponding antimicrobial activity. We have compiled recent results in the area of metal complexes against microbes, to uncover some of the trends related to antimicrobial activity.

12 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Diaryl and dialkyl phosphinic acids are diverse groups of ligands capable of bonding to a wide variety of metal ions as discussed by the authors, which allows for many applications in coordination polymers, modification of surfaces, synthesis of nanoparticles, and sol-gel synthesis.

12 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The reaction of organobismuth precursors with trityl-H-phosphinic acid in varying reaction conditions afforded colorless crystals, whose single crystal X-ray characterization revealed the formation of monomer.
Abstract: The reaction of organobismuth precursors with trityl-H-phosphinic acid in varying reaction conditions afforded colorless crystals, whose single crystal X-ray characterization revealed the formation of monomer {(Ph3Bi)[(Ph3C)(H)PO2]2}·3/2(CH3CN)2.1/2H2O (1) and butterfly shaped tetranuclear cluster Bi4(μ3-O)2[(Ph3C)(H)(PO2)]8·2CH2Cl2·1/2CH3CN.2H2O (2). The reaction of titanium isopropoxide with two different phosphinic acids trityl-H-phosphinic acid and cycP(O)(OH) led to isolation of cubane type octahedral complex {Ti8(μ2-O)8(μ2-OH)4[(Ph3C)(H)PO2]12}[3C7H8] (3) and hexanuclear complex Ti6(μ2-cycPO2)9(μ2-O)6(μ2-OH)3·4CH3CN·4H2O (4) respectively.

11 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Four mono-phosphinato bismuth complexes used to produce antibacterial nanocellulose composites displayed an increased level of toxicity towards mammalian cells (COS-7, human and murine fibroblasts), where it was shown the complexes disrupt cellular membranes leading to cytotoxicity.
Abstract: To study and evaluate the effect of ligand choice and distribution in bismuth phosphinates on toxicity and antibacterial activity, a series of novel diphenyl mono-phosphinato bismuth complexes, [BiPh2(O(O)P(H)Ph)] 1, [BiPh2(O(O)PPh2)] 2, [BiPh2(O(O)PMe2)] 3 and [BiPh2(O(O)P(p-MeOPh)2)] 4, were synthesised, characterised and structurally authenticated by X-ray crystallography. Evaluation of their antibacterial activity towards Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE), Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) showed all four mono-phosphinato bismuth complexes to be highly active. However, unlike their less soluble bis-phosphinato analogues, they displayed an increased level of toxicity towards mammalian cells (COS-7, human and murine fibroblasts), where it was shown the complexes disrupt cellular membranes leading to cytotoxicity. The mono-phosphinato bismuth complexes were used to produce antibacterial nanocellulose composites. Leaching studies showed that complex 1 had the highest levels of leaching, at 15% of the total available bismuth when the composite was soaked in water. The aqueous leachates of 1 were bacteriostatic towards MRSA and VRE at concentrations between 4.0 and 4.6 μM, while being bactericidal towards E. coli above 2.8 μM. At similar concentrations the complex showed toxicity towards human fibroblast cells, with cell viability reduced to 2% (1, 2.4 μM). The possibility to control leaching of the bismuth complexes from cellulose composites through structural changes is evidence for their potential application in antibacterial surfaces and materials.

9 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: OLEX2 seamlessly links all aspects of the structure solution, refinement and publication process and presents them in a single workflow-driven package, with the ultimate goal of producing an application which will be useful to both chemists and crystallographers.
Abstract: New software, OLEX2, has been developed for the determination, visualization and analysis of molecular crystal structures. The software has a portable mouse-driven workflow-oriented and fully comprehensive graphical user interface for structure solution, refinement and report generation, as well as novel tools for structure analysis. OLEX2 seamlessly links all aspects of the structure solution, refinement and publication process and presents them in a single workflow-driven package, with the ultimate goal of producing an application which will be useful to both chemists and crystallographers.

19,990 citations

Book
01 Jan 2003
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a method for the synthesis of organic compounds using Spectroscopic methods and Spectral Spectral Methods (SSTM) with a focus on alicyclic and aliphatic compounds.
Abstract: 1. Organic synthesis 2. Experimental techniques. 3. Spectroscopic methods. 4. Solvents and reagents. 5. Aliphatic compounds. 6. Aromatic compounds. 7. Selected alicyclic compounds. 8. Selected heterocyclic compounds. 9. Investigation and characterisation of organic compounds. 10. Physical constants of organic compounds.

6,578 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The investigation of bismuth interactions with potential targeting biomolecules, including peptides, proteins and enzymes will lead to an understanding of the mechanism of action of bISMuth-containing complexes and in turn to the further application ofbismuth in medicine.

263 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Bismuth compounds are used for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders and may also be useful for other diseases as discussed by the authors, however, they exhibit a highly variable coordination number (3-10) and often an irregular coordination geometry.

249 citations