Blends of polycarbonate with unmodified and maleic anhydride grafted ABS: fracture mechanics
01 Nov 1999-Journal of Materials Science (Kluwer Academic Publishers)-Vol. 34, Iss: 21, pp 5181-5185
TL;DR: In this paper, the generalized locus method was used to investigate the invariance of crack resistance from any set of characteristic points, and the resistance to crack initiation was determined in terms of critical Jintegral value (Jc).
Abstract: Physical blends of polycarbonate (PC) and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymer (ABS) at two different weight fractions were made (PC35/ABS65 and P75/ABS25). Reactive blended similar compositions of PC with maleic anhydride grafted ABS (MABS) were also made at the same compositions. The crack resistance behaviour of these two types of blends and feedstocks (PC and ABS) were studied. The generalized locus method was used to investigate the invariance of crack resistance from any set of characteristic points. PC and PC/ABS blends failed immediately after crack initiation. The modified blends (PC/MABS) exhibited failure through crack propagation after crack initiation started. The resistance to crack initiation is determined in terms of critical J-integral value (Jc). The resistance to crack propagation at maximum load point is also determined from the locus of maximum load point on the load-displacement curves. The resistance to steady state crack growth (Rp) during extensive crack propagation is determined from the total essential energy for a complete fracture. The crack resistance values for modified blends are much high compared to unmodified blends and even feedstocks.
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TL;DR: In this paper, an attempt to reinforce and promote compatibility of the above systems was made by the incorporation of organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT, Cloisite 30B), as well as by the addition of compatibilizer (ABS grafted with maleic anhydride, ABS-g-MAH), and the effect of those treatments on the morphology, thermal transitions, rheological, and mechanical properties of the ABS/PC blends was evaluated.
Abstract: In the present research, poly(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene)/polycarbonate (ABS/PC) blends were prepared in a twin screw extruder. An attempt to reinforce and promote compatibility of the above systems was made by the incorporation of organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT, Cloisite 30B), as well as by the addition of compatibilizer (ABS grafted with maleic anhydride, ABS-g-MAH), and the effect of those treatments on the morphology, thermal transitions, rheological, and mechanical properties of the above blends was evaluated. The addition of compatibilizer in ABS/PC blends does not significantly affect the glass transition temperature (Tg) of SAN and PC phases, whereas the incorporation of Cloisite 30B decreases slightly the Tg values of SAN and, more significantly, that of PC in compatibilized and uncompatibilized blends. The Tg of PB phase remains almost unaffected in all the examined systems. The obtained results suggest partial dissolution of the polymeric components of the blend and, therefore, a modified Fox equation was used to assess the amount of PC dissolved in the SAN phase of ABS and vice versa.Reinforcing with OMMT enhances the miscibility of ABS and PC phases in ABS/PC blends and gives the best performance in terms of tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and storage modulus, especially in 50/50 (w/w) ABS/PC blends. The addition of ABS-g-MAH compatibilizer, despite the improvement of intercalation process in organoclay/ABS/PC nanocomposites, did not seem to have any substantial effect on the mechanical properties of the examined blends. POLYM. COMPOS., 35:1395–1407, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
20 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focused on the characterization and mechanical recycling of plastics, namely polycarbonate (PC), Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) and PC/ABS blends via melt blending technique.
Abstract: Interfacial agents such as compatibilizers have recently been introduced into polymer blends to improve microstructure and mechanical properties of thermoplastics materials. This method is proven to be an effective way to prepare a mixture of polymeric materials from E-waste that can have superior mechanical properties over a wide temperature range. This study is focused on the characterization and mechanical recycling of plastics, namely Polycarbonate (PC), Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) and PC/ABS blends via melt blending technique. Mechanical characterization of prepared blend has been carried out to determine the optimum composition range. The experimental results showed that the prepared blends were incompatible in nature. Addition of maleic anhydride grafted ABS and SBS suggests improved compatibility and impact performance. The grafting mechanism of MA into ABS was explored, which is considered as a key factor resulting a special morphology of ABS domains dispersed in PC matrix. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and morphology results revealed improved stability as compared to recycled plastics.
16 citations
Cites background from "Blends of polycarbonate with unmodi..."
...al found that ABS-g-MA attained lamella dispersion [11]....
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TL;DR: In this article, a twin screw extruder was used to extract poly(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene)/polycarbonate (ABS/PC) blends and the morphology and thermal and mechanical characteristics of the obtained products were investigated.
Abstract: Summary
In the present research, poly(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene)/polycarbonate (ABS/PC) blends were prepared in a twin screw extruder. The morphology and thermal and mechanical characteristics of the obtained products were investigated. Reinforcement of the compatibility of the above systems was attempted by the incorporation of organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT), as well as by the addition of compatibilizer (ABS grafted with maleic anhydride, ABS-g-MAH) and the effect on the morphology and properties of ABS/PC blends was evaluated. In addition, the incorporation of OMMT to the compatibilized blends was also examined. Reinforcing with OMMT enhances the miscibility of ABS and PC phases in ABS/PC blends, influences the thermal degradation mechanism and gives the best performance in terms of tensile strength, modulus of elasticity and storage modulus in all the examined blends.
6 citations
References
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30 Jun 1993
TL;DR: In this article, the properties of two-phase polymers are modelled and compared using a model based approach, and the authors present practical techniques for studying the microstructure of polymers.
Abstract: Overview. Rheology of two-phase blends. Practical aspects of processing of blends. Compatibilization and reactive blending. Practical techniques for studying blend microstructure. Modelling the properties of polymer blends. Toughened polymers. Blends containing liquid crystal polymers. Fibre forming blends and in situ fibre composites. References. Index.
345 citations
ARCO1
TL;DR: In this article, the formation of an EPM-g-PA6 graft copolymer during the blend preparation has been assumed, and different blend morphologies were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) according to the nature and content of the rubber used.
Abstract: The modification of an amorphous random ethylene-propylene rubbery copolymer (EPM) has been accomplished by solution grafting of maleic anhydride molecules promoted by radical initiators, The resulting EPM-g-succinic anhydride (EPM-g-SA) and EPM have been used to obtain binary polyamide 6/EPM or polyamide 6/EPM-g-SA and ternary polyamide 6/EPM/EPM-g-SA blends by melt mixing. The formation of an EPM-g-PA6 graft copolymer during the blend preparation has been assumed. Different blend morphologies were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) according to the nature and content of the rubber used. The tensile mechanical properties and the impact behavior of the prepared blends were investigated and correlated with the SEM analysis of the fracture surfaces. Binary and ternary blends containing 20 percent by weight of total rubber show a significant improvement of the impact properties at low temperature (−20°C) when the rubber is partly or entirely EPM-g-SA. In the case of PA6/EPM-g-SA (80/20) blend these results are related to the presence of rubbery domains of very small size strongly adherent to the PA6 matrix. In the case of 80/10/10 ternary blends, a much more complicated overall morphology is observed. Such morphology is characterized by the presence of large EPM domains, likely containing some EPM-g-PA6 graft molecules acting as an interfacial agent, and domains of EPM-g-PA6 of smaller size strongly adherent to the matrix as in the previous case.
138 citations
ARCO1
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used dynamic mechanical analysis to detect the presence of interzones existing between the polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) matrix and the EPR random copolymer.
80 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a mixture of polycarbonate (PC) and maleic anhydride grafted ABS (MABS) was prepared by melt blending, using a single-screw extruder with a special mixing head over the whole range of compositions.
53 citations
TL;DR: In this article, tensile, dynamic mechanical, thermal properties and morphology features of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) blends with the acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) terpolymer were examined at up to 25 wt% content of ABS.
44 citations