BlockAPP: Using Blockchain for Authentication and Privacy Preservation in IoV
01 Dec 2018-pp 1-6
TL;DR: A blockchain based novel architecture for vehicle authentication and privacy preservation with seamless access control for IoV and the proposed BlockAPP protocol also supports an optional traceability feature.
Abstract: Recent proliferation in disruptive technologies has opened up a new horizon for Internet of Vehicles (IoV). The success of IoV highly depends on the robustness of vehicular information system as a dispute among the service providers on data rights or any kind of security violation could disrupt the transport services altogether. In this work we propose a blockchain based novel architecture for vehicle authentication and privacy preservation with seamless access control for IoV. Proposed architecture is decentralized, robust and scalable. Along with privacy preserving authentication and conflict-free access-log maintenance, the proposed BlockAPP protocol also supports an optional traceability feature. Performance evaluation using smart contact over Ethereum Blockchain validates the effectiveness of the proposed architecture.
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TL;DR: A state-of-art survey on the integration of blockchain with 5G networks and beyond, including discussions on the potential of blockchain for enabling key 5G technologies, including cloud/edge computing, Software Defined Networks, Network Function Virtualization, Network Slicing, and D2D communications.
Abstract: The fifth generation (5G) wireless networks are on the way to be deployed around the world. The 5G technologies target to support diverse vertical applications by connecting heterogeneous devices and machines with drastic improvements in terms of high quality of service, increased network capacity and enhanced system throughput. However, 5G systems still remain a number of security challenges that have been mentioned by researchers and organizations, including decentralization, transparency, risks of data interoperability, and network privacy vulnerabilities. Furthermore, the conventional techniques may not be sufficient to deal with the security requirements of 5G. As 5G is generally deployed in heterogeneous networks with massive ubiquitous devices, it is quite necessary to provide secure and decentralized solutions. Motivated from these facts, in this paper we provide a state-of-the-art survey on the integration of blockchain with 5G networks and beyond. In this detailed survey, our primary focus is on the extensive discussions on the potential of blockchain for enabling key 5G technologies, including cloud computing, edge computing, Network Function Virtualization, Network Slicing, and D2D communications. We then explore and analyse the opportunities that blockchain potentially empowers important 5G services, ranging from spectrum management, data sharing, network virtualization, resource management to interference management, federated learning, privacy and security provision. The recent advances in the applications of blockchain in 5G Internet of Things are also surveyed in a wide range of popular use-case domains, such as smart healthcare, smart city, smart transportation, smart grid and UAVs. The main findings derived from the comprehensive survey on the cooperated blockchain-5G networks and services are then summarized, and possible research challenges with open issues are also identified. Lastly, we complete this survey by shedding new light on future directions of research on this newly emerging area.
105 citations
Cites methods from "BlockAPP: Using Blockchain for Auth..."
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TL;DR: The paper focuses on the current research challenges and future research directions related to integrating FL and blockchain for vehicular networks, and sheds light on the blockchain and FL with real-world implementations.
Abstract: The Internet of Things (IoT) revitalizes the world with tremendous capabilities and potential to be utilized in vehicular networks. The Smart Transport Infrastructure (STI) era depends mainly on the IoT. Advanced machine learning (ML) techniques are being used to strengthen the STI smartness further. However, some decisions are very challenging due to the vast number of STI components and big data generated from STIs. Computation cost, communication overheads, and privacy issues are significant concerns for wide-scale ML adoption within STI. These issues can be addressed using Federated Learning (FL) and blockchain. FL can be used to address the issues of privacy preservation and handling big data generated in STI management and control. Blockchain is a distributed ledger that can store data while providing trust and integrity assurance. Blockchain can be a solution to data integrity and can add more security to the STI. This survey initially explores the vehicular network and STI in detail and sheds light on the blockchain and FL with real-world implementations. Then, FL and blockchain applications in the Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) environment from security and privacy perspectives are discussed in detail. In the end, the paper focuses on the current research challenges and future research directions related to integrating FL and blockchain for vehicular networks.
48 citations
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TL;DR: The aim of this survey is to provide directions for future work in the area of Blockchain-based vehicular networks, and existing research works aiming to overcome vehicular challenges using the Blockchain technology are presented and compared.
Abstract: Vehicular networks are evolving towards a new paradigm, the Internet of Vehicles (IoV). With IoV, vehicles should be able to communicate with their environment using heterogeneous access technologies. To make it reality, security, privacy, cooperation and trust establishment in vehicular networks should be considered. Blockchain, a popular distributed ledger technology, could be a way to overcome these challenges. That is why the integration of this technology within vehicular networks is currently under study. The aim of this survey is to provide directions for future work in the area of Blockchain-based vehicular networks. To do so, existing research works aiming to overcome vehicular challenges using the Blockchain technology are presented and compared. Moreover, different requirements related to the deployment of Blockchain-based applications in vehicular networks are identified and analysed. Finally, challenges related to the integration of the Blockchain technology within vehicular networks are discussed.
23 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper , a cloud-based EV charging framework is presented to tackle issues of high demand in charging stations during peak hours, and the results demonstrate that the proposed hierarchical models improve the system performance and the quality of service (QoS) for EV customers.
Abstract: The Internet of Vehicles (IoV), where people, fleets of electric vehicles (EVs), utility, power grids, distributed renewable energy, and communications and computing infrastructures are connected, has emerged as the next big leap in smart grids and city sectors for a sustainable society. Meanwhile, decentralized and complex grid edge faces many challenges for planning, operation, and management of power systems. Therefore, providing a reliable communications infrastructure is vital. The fourth industrial revolution, that is, a cyber-physical system in conjunction with the Internet of Things (IoT) and coexistence of edge (fog) and cloud computing brings new ways of dealing with such challenges and helps maximize the benefits of power grids. From this perspective, as a use case of IoV, we present a cloud-based EV charging framework to tackle issues of high demand in charging stations during peak hours. A price incentive scheme and another scheme, electricity supply expansion, are presented and compared with the baseline. The results demonstrate that the proposed hierarchical models improve the system performance and the quality of service (QoS) for EV customers. The proposed methods can efficiently assist system operators in managing the system design and grid stability. Further, to shed light on emerging technologies for smart and connected EVs, we elaborate on seven major trends: decentralized energy trading based on blockchain and distributed ledger technology, behavioral science and behavioral economics, artificial and computational intelligence and its applications, digital twins of IoV, software-defined IoVs, and intelligent EV charging with information-centric networking, and parking lot microgrids and EV-based virtual storage. We have also discussed some of the potential research issues in IoV to further study IoV. The integration of communications, modern power system management, EV control management, and computing technologies for IoV are crucial for grid stability and large-scale EV charging networks.
15 citations
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TL;DR: Ethereum as mentioned in this paper is a transactional singleton machine with shared state, which can be seen as a simple application on a decentralised, but singleton, compute resource, and it provides a plurality of resources, each with a distinct state and operating code but able to interact through a message-passing framework with others.
Abstract: The blockchain paradigm when coupled with cryptographically-secured transactions has demonstrated its
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TL;DR: This paper provides a set of security protocols, it is shown that they protect privacy and it is analyzed their robustness and efficiency, and describes some major design decisions still to be made.
Abstract: Vehicular networks are very likely to be deployed in the coming years and thus become the most relevant form of mobile ad hoc networks. In this paper, we address the security of these networks. We provide a detailed threat analysis and devise an appropriate security architecture. We also describe some major design decisions still to be made, which in some cases have more than mere technical implications. We provide a set of security protocols, we show that they protect privacy and we analyze their robustness and efficiency.
1,417 citations
"BlockAPP: Using Blockchain for Auth..." refers background in this paper
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13 Apr 2008
TL;DR: An efficient conditional privacy preservation protocol in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) is introduced to address the issue on anonymous authentication for safety messages with authority traceability and can provide fast anonymous authentication and privacy tracking while minimizing the required storage for short-time anonymous keys.
Abstract: In this paper, we introduce an efficient conditional privacy preservation (ECPP) protocol in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) to address the issue on anonymous authentication for safety messages with authority traceability. The proposed protocol is characterized by the generation of on-the-fly short-time anonymous keys between on-board units (OBUs) and roadside units (RSUs), which can provide fast anonymous authentication and privacy tracking while minimizing the required storage for short-time anonymous keys. We demonstrate the merits gained by the proposed protocol through extensive analysis.
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TL;DR: An efficient batch signature verification scheme for communications between vehicles and RSUs (or termed vehicle- to-Infrastructure (V2I) communications), in which an RSU can verify multiple received signatures at the same time such that the total verification time can be dramatically reduced.
Abstract: With the adoption of state-of-the-art telecommunication technologies for sensing and collecting traffic related information, Vehicular Sensor Networks (VSNs) have emerged as a new application scenario that is envisioned to revolutionize the human driving experiences and traffic flow control systems. To avoid any possible malicious attack and resource abuse, employing a digital signature scheme is widely recognized as the most effective approach for VSNs to achieve authentication, integrity, and validity. However, when the number of signatures received by a Roadside Unit (RSU) becomes large, a scalability problem emerges immediately, where the RSU could be difficult to sequentially verify each received signature within 300 ms interval according to the current Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) broadcast protocol. In this paper, we introduce an efficient batch signature verification scheme for communications between vehicles and RSUs (or termed vehicle- to-Infrastructure (V2I) communications), in which an RSU can verify multiple received signatures at the same time such that the total verification time can be dramatically reduced. We demonstrate that the proposed scheme can achieve conditional privacy preservation that is essential in VSNs, where each message launched by a vehicle is mapped to a distinct pseudo identity, while a trust authority can always retrieve the real identity of a vehicle from any pseudo identity. With the proposed scheme, since identity-based cryptography is employed in generating private keys for pseudo identities, certificates are not needed and thus transmission overhead can be significantly reduced.
522 citations
"BlockAPP: Using Blockchain for Auth..." refers background in this paper
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TL;DR: It is argued that blockchain (BC), a disruptive technology that has found many applications from cryptocurrencies to smart contracts, is a potential solution to these challenges and is proposed a BC-based architecture to protect the privacy of users and to increase the security of the vehicular ecosystem.
Abstract: Interconnected smart vehicles offer a range of sophisticated services that benefit the vehicle owners, transport authorities, car manufacturers, and other service providers. This potentially exposes smart vehicles to a range of security and privacy threats such as location tracking or remote hijacking of the vehicle. In this article, we argue that blockchain (BC), a disruptive technology that has found many applications from cryptocurrencies to smart contracts, is a potential solution to these challenges. We propose a BC-based architecture to protect the privacy of users and to increase the security of the vehicular ecosystem. Wireless remote software updates and other emerging services such as dynamic vehicle insurance fees are used to illustrate the efficacy of the proposed security architecture. We also qualitatively argue the resilience of the architecture against common security attacks.
432 citations
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