Blockchains and Smart Contracts for the Internet of Things
Citations
18 citations
18 citations
18 citations
18 citations
Cites background from "Blockchains and Smart Contracts for..."
...cryptography [42] and consensus algorithms [9, 42], as well as decentralization [52] and auditability [52]....
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...A large number of these consensus algorithms exist, and each of them provides slightly varying levels of security, latency, and energy consumption [9, 52]....
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...Smart contracts are “self-executing scripts” that incorporate exogenous effects or check exogenous conditions [9]....
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...Aside from their consensus mechanisms, blockchain systems also differ in their level of read/write permissions, centralization, and efficiency [9, 40, 52]....
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18 citations
Cites background or methods from "Blockchains and Smart Contracts for..."
...One implication to this method would be to use large level of maturity, because longer the more blocks are held pending, the blockchain ecosystem will become more and more passive and congested [9]....
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...However, the contract itself involves a small computer programs that makes it different than the normal contract [9]....
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...Blockchain technology is comprised of several features including smart contracts and smart property [9]....
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...Based on our literature survey on blockchain implementation, the problem identified by the researcher is; the blockchain technology is hard to be securely implemented on small-scale projects so far [9]....
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References
5,208 citations
4,901 citations
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4,816 citations
"Blockchains and Smart Contracts for..." refers background in this paper
...Because of the Sybil attack [15], consensus in public networks is costly...
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...anyone can join though, this would be catastrophic because of the Sybil attack [15]: a single entity could join with multiple identities, get multiple votes, and thus influence the network to favor this entity’s interests....
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3,562 citations
"Blockchains and Smart Contracts for..." refers background or methods in this paper
...5If more than 3f + 1 nodes are used, then the quorum thresholds listed in [26] may lead to forks....
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...Tendermint vs PBFT—Tendermint....
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...Sieve [38], a mechanism used in the HyperLedger Fabric project, augments the PBFT algorithm [26] by adding speculative execution and verification phases, inspired by the execute-verify architecture presented in [39]....
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...Tendermint [32] provides BFT tolerance and is similar to the PBFT algorithm; however it provides a tighter guarantee with regards to the results returned to the client when more than one third of the nodes are faulty, and allows for a dynamically changing set of set of validators, and leaders that can be rotated in a round-robin manner, among other optimizations [33]....
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...PBFT works on the assumption that less than one third of the nodes are faulty (f ), which is why say that it requires at least5 3f + 1 nodes....
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1,811 citations
"Blockchains and Smart Contracts for..." refers methods in this paper
...popular Raft algorithm [30], is used as a consensus mechanism in Juno [31]....
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