Blockchains and Smart Contracts for the Internet of Things
Citations
443 citations
Cites background from "Blockchains and Smart Contracts for..."
...for trusted intermediaries between transacting parties, and the occurance of malicious and accidental exceptions can be minimized [95]....
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...same functionality with the same amount of certainty [95]....
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437 citations
Cites background from "Blockchains and Smart Contracts for..."
...One of the most important aspects of blockchain application is their interface with the physical world, which requires the right tools and technology such as IoT (Christidis and Devetsikiotis 2016; Catallini 2017)....
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...Moreover, as can be seen in Table 1, there can be overlaps between the clusters where the same article has been included in two or more clusters (e.g. Christidis and Devetsikiotis (2016) is included in both clusters 1 and 2)....
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...Blockchain technology has so far been envisaged to be implemented in machine-to-machine coordination through IoT (e.g. Christidis and Devetsikiotis 2016) or to create decentralised electronic marketplaces (e.g. Subramanian 2018), to name a few applications....
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...…2015; Rong et al. 2015; Ben-Daya, Hassini, and Bahroun 2017), the high costs of maintaining centralised IoT systems in supply chains (Christidis and Devetsikiotis 2016) and the security concerns surrounding IoT devices such as RFID-enabled products (Yao et al. 2016) that could easily breach the…...
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...Christidis and Devetsikiotis (2016) provide further details on how users of blockchains interact and reach consensus....
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432 citations
Cites background from "Blockchains and Smart Contracts for..."
...We mean by smart contracts, all kinds of digital rules forming the terms of contact [31]....
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430 citations
Cites background from "Blockchains and Smart Contracts for..."
...Prior researchers have noted that especially the blockchain-IoT combination is likely to be powerful and this combination will probably transform many industries (Christidis & Devetsikiotis, 2016)....
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423 citations
References
5,208 citations
4,901 citations
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4,816 citations
"Blockchains and Smart Contracts for..." refers background in this paper
...Because of the Sybil attack [15], consensus in public networks is costly...
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...anyone can join though, this would be catastrophic because of the Sybil attack [15]: a single entity could join with multiple identities, get multiple votes, and thus influence the network to favor this entity’s interests....
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3,562 citations
"Blockchains and Smart Contracts for..." refers background or methods in this paper
...5If more than 3f + 1 nodes are used, then the quorum thresholds listed in [26] may lead to forks....
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...Tendermint vs PBFT—Tendermint....
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...Sieve [38], a mechanism used in the HyperLedger Fabric project, augments the PBFT algorithm [26] by adding speculative execution and verification phases, inspired by the execute-verify architecture presented in [39]....
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...Tendermint [32] provides BFT tolerance and is similar to the PBFT algorithm; however it provides a tighter guarantee with regards to the results returned to the client when more than one third of the nodes are faulty, and allows for a dynamically changing set of set of validators, and leaders that can be rotated in a round-robin manner, among other optimizations [33]....
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...PBFT works on the assumption that less than one third of the nodes are faulty (f ), which is why say that it requires at least5 3f + 1 nodes....
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1,811 citations
"Blockchains and Smart Contracts for..." refers methods in this paper
...popular Raft algorithm [30], is used as a consensus mechanism in Juno [31]....
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