Blockchains and Smart Contracts for the Internet of Things
Citations
82 citations
Cites background or methods from "Blockchains and Smart Contracts for..."
...This method forms a link between blocks that connects them to a form of chain, the blockchain [19] as shown in Figure 3....
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...since blockchain enables trustless networks, as defined in [19]....
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...This provides an accurate impression of the whole network on any given time [19]....
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82 citations
Cites background from "Blockchains and Smart Contracts for..."
...Smart contracts based blockchain technology is being embedded into a wide variety of industry applications, such as finance [7], [3], [17], [18], supply chain management, [19], [20], [21], health care [22], [23], [24], [25], energy [26], [27], [28], [29], IoT [30], [31], [32], [33] and government services [7], [34], [35]....
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81 citations
81 citations
Cites background from "Blockchains and Smart Contracts for..."
...such as Proof-of-stake (PoS), Byzantine Faulty Tolerant (BFT). Details of conceptual features and related technical issues of such consensus algorithms can be referenced to previous excellent surveys [41], [42]. - Smart contracts: A smart contract is a programmable application that runs on a blockchain network. Since the first smart contract platform known as Ethereum [43] was released in 2015, smart c...
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80 citations
Cites background from "Blockchains and Smart Contracts for..."
...) had limited peer-to-peer communication with regards to their own concerns in traditional setting [10]....
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References
5,208 citations
4,901 citations
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4,816 citations
"Blockchains and Smart Contracts for..." refers background in this paper
...Because of the Sybil attack [15], consensus in public networks is costly...
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...anyone can join though, this would be catastrophic because of the Sybil attack [15]: a single entity could join with multiple identities, get multiple votes, and thus influence the network to favor this entity’s interests....
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3,562 citations
"Blockchains and Smart Contracts for..." refers background or methods in this paper
...5If more than 3f + 1 nodes are used, then the quorum thresholds listed in [26] may lead to forks....
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...Tendermint vs PBFT—Tendermint....
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...Sieve [38], a mechanism used in the HyperLedger Fabric project, augments the PBFT algorithm [26] by adding speculative execution and verification phases, inspired by the execute-verify architecture presented in [39]....
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...Tendermint [32] provides BFT tolerance and is similar to the PBFT algorithm; however it provides a tighter guarantee with regards to the results returned to the client when more than one third of the nodes are faulty, and allows for a dynamically changing set of set of validators, and leaders that can be rotated in a round-robin manner, among other optimizations [33]....
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...PBFT works on the assumption that less than one third of the nodes are faulty (f ), which is why say that it requires at least5 3f + 1 nodes....
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1,811 citations
"Blockchains and Smart Contracts for..." refers methods in this paper
...popular Raft algorithm [30], is used as a consensus mechanism in Juno [31]....
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