Blockchains and Smart Contracts for the Internet of Things
Citations
77 citations
76 citations
Cites background from "Blockchains and Smart Contracts for..."
...Examples of these systems are ranging from the cryptocurrency such as Bitcoin [2] and Ethereum [3], to other infrastructures and application domains such as the Internet-of-Things [4], [5] and Digitial Health [6], [7]....
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76 citations
Cites background from "Blockchains and Smart Contracts for..."
...• Cost reduction: in contrast to the centralized architecture in which the advanced and complete hardware and software system is required to build the centralized server, the blockchain technology reduces the costs related to fitting and sustaining large centralized servers as it utilizes the processing power of communicating devices [31]....
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76 citations
Cites background from "Blockchains and Smart Contracts for..."
...Christidis and Devetsikiotis [31] reviewed blockchains and smart contracts for IoT, and showed that the blockchainIoT combination was powerful and could enable significant transformations across several industries, paving the way for new business models and distributed applications....
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...[31] K. Christidis and M. Devetsikiotis, ‘‘Blockchains and smart contracts for the Internet of Things,’’ IEEE Access, vol. 4, pp. 2292–2303, 2016....
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75 citations
Cites background from "Blockchains and Smart Contracts for..."
...Blockchain can construct a distributed peer-to-peer network in the internet of things in which non-trusted members can interact with each other using some contracts without a trusted arbitrator [18]....
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References
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4,816 citations
"Blockchains and Smart Contracts for..." refers background in this paper
...Because of the Sybil attack [15], consensus in public networks is costly...
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...anyone can join though, this would be catastrophic because of the Sybil attack [15]: a single entity could join with multiple identities, get multiple votes, and thus influence the network to favor this entity’s interests....
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3,562 citations
"Blockchains and Smart Contracts for..." refers background or methods in this paper
...5If more than 3f + 1 nodes are used, then the quorum thresholds listed in [26] may lead to forks....
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...Tendermint vs PBFT—Tendermint....
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...Sieve [38], a mechanism used in the HyperLedger Fabric project, augments the PBFT algorithm [26] by adding speculative execution and verification phases, inspired by the execute-verify architecture presented in [39]....
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...Tendermint [32] provides BFT tolerance and is similar to the PBFT algorithm; however it provides a tighter guarantee with regards to the results returned to the client when more than one third of the nodes are faulty, and allows for a dynamically changing set of set of validators, and leaders that can be rotated in a round-robin manner, among other optimizations [33]....
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...PBFT works on the assumption that less than one third of the nodes are faulty (f ), which is why say that it requires at least5 3f + 1 nodes....
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1,811 citations
"Blockchains and Smart Contracts for..." refers methods in this paper
...popular Raft algorithm [30], is used as a consensus mechanism in Juno [31]....
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