Body worn camera
01 Nov 2017-Vol. 263, Iss: 5, pp 052023
TL;DR: A body worn camera is small video camera worn on the body, typically used by police officers to record arrests, evidence from crime scenes, and strengthening police transparency, performance, and accountability.
Abstract: A body worn camera is small video camera worn on the body, typically used by police officers to record arrests, evidence from crime scenes. It helps preventing and resolving complaints brought by members of the public; and strengthening police transparency, performance, and accountability. The main constants of this type of the system are video format, resolution, frames rate, and audio quality. This system records the video in .mp4 format with 1080p resolution and 30 frames per second. One more important aspect to while designing this system is amount of power the system requires as battery management becomes very critical. The main design challenges are Size of the Video, Audio for the video. Combining both audio and video and saving it in .mp4 format, Battery, size that is required for 8 hours of continuous recording, Security. For prototyping this system is implemented using Raspberry Pi model B.
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01 Jan 2021
TL;DR: In this article, a revue de la portee (scoping review) of 28-etudes was presented, focusing on the use of cameras in the police in Canada.
Abstract: Les cameras portatives sont aujourd’hui considerees comme le nouvel outil ayant le potentiel de transformer la police. Celles-ci sont percues comme une solution pour : 1) augmenter la transparence, la reddition des comptes et la legitimite de la police ; 2) ameliorer l’efficacite des enquetes ; et 3) rehausser la securite des citoyens et des policiers. Or, les resultats du corpus d’etudes evaluant les effets reels de ces cameras sont, d’une part, mitiges, d’autre part, majoritairement americains. Le contexte social et legal canadien etant different de celui des Etats-Unis, les resultats americains ne sont pas necessairement transposables au Canada. Quelques evaluations canadiennes sont toutefois disponibles pour guider la prise de decisions relatives aux cameras portatives sur policiers au Canada. L’objectif du present article est donc de proposer une revue de la portee (scoping review) de 28 etudes sur les cameras portatives menees au Canada entre 2010 et 2021 et ayant souleve des enjeux de legitimite et d’efficacite de la police. Les constats sont divises en trois sections distinctes : 1) les bonnes pratiques en matiere d’utilisation des cameras portatives dans les organisations policieres canadiennes ; 2) le contraste entre les attentes a l’egard de cet outil et son reel potentiel ; et 3) les enjeux et limites associes a cet outil. Alors que l’article met en lumiere certains effets positifs des cameras portatives, une reflexion est entamee quant a leur plus-value a la lumiere de leurs enjeux et limites.
01 Jan 2022
TL;DR: In this article , the authors explore the positive peace pillar of well-functioning government and evaluate how it sits in the context of cities and communities, showing how ICTs could help augment governance through innovation and public management.
Abstract: AbstractThis chapter explores the overarching positive peace pillar of ‘well-functioning government’ to evaluate how it sits in the context of cities and communities. Its effectiveness is crucial as we delve into critical directions and provide debates that could suggest reaching positive peace in cities. It is an overarching pillar mainly because it is embedded in multiple aspects and various dimensions, allowing us to enhance public administration, legality, law enforcement, and accountability, all of which are important in achieving a sound economic environment and better governance. The chapter shows how ICTs could help augment governance through innovation and public management. These are discussed in the form of governance models, such as developing e-Government infrastructures and towards e-Transformations.KeywordsWell-functioning governmentInformation platformsE-GovernmentE-TransformationGovernancePositive peace
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TL;DR: The question is: do body-worn-cameras reduce the prevalence of use-of-force and/or citizens’ complaints against the police?
Abstract: Police use-of-force continues to be a major source of international concern, inviting interest from academics and practitioners alike Whether justified or unnecessary/excessive, the exercise of power by the police can potentially tarnish their relationship with the community Police misconduct can translate into complaints against the police, which carry large economic and social costs The question we try to answer is: do body-worn-cameras reduce the prevalence of use-of-force and/or citizens’ complaints against the police? We empirically tested the use of body-worn-cameras by measuring the effect of videotaping police–public encounters on incidents of police use-of-force and complaints, in randomized-controlled settings Over 12 months, we randomly-assigned officers to “experimental-shifts” during which they were equipped with body-worn HD cameras that recorded all contacts with the public and to “control-shifts” without the cameras (n = 988) We nominally defined use-of-force, both unnecessary/excessive and reasonable, as a non-desirable response in police–public encounters We estimate the causal effect of the use of body-worn-videos on the two outcome variables using both between-group differences using a Poisson regression model as well as before-after estimates using interrupted time-series analyses
We found that the likelihood of force being used in control conditions were roughly twice those in experimental conditions Similarly, a pre/post analysis of use-of-force and complaints data also support this result: the number of complaints filed against officers dropped from 07 complaints per 1,000 contacts to 007 per 1,000 contacts We discuss the findings in terms of theory, research methods, policy and future avenues of research on body-worn-videos
447 citations
02 Jun 2014
TL;DR: A general model of video surveillance systems is presented that will help identify the major security and privacy requirements for a video surveillance system and a gap is shown between the identified security requirements and the proposed security solutions where future research efforts may focus in this domain.
Abstract: Use of video surveillance has substantially increased in the last few decades. Modern video surveillance systems are equipped with techniques that allow traversal of data in an effective and efficient manner, giving massive powers to operators and potentially compromising the privacy of anyone observed by the system. Several techniques to protect the privacy of individuals have therefore been proposed, but very little research work has focused on the specific security requirements of video surveillance data (in transit or in storage) and on authorizing access to this data. In this paper, we present a general model of video surveillance systems that will help identify the major security and privacy requirements for a video surveillance system and we use this model to identify practical challenges in ensuring the security of video surveillance data in all stages (in transit and at rest). Our study shows a gap between the identified security requirements and the proposed security solutions where future research efforts may focus in this domain.
36 citations
11 Jul 2011
TL;DR: An anonymous surveillance framework that decouples the contextual knowledge and video to the minimal extent required for situation assessment is proposed and the experimental results confirm that the proposed framework is very effective in protecting the privacy, yet does not affect much of the surveillance utility of the data.
Abstract: Video surveillance is a very effective tool of surveillance that enables a single security agent to monitor wide areas. However, it compromises the privacy of the individuals. There have been attempts to obfuscate face and silhouette regions of the images to hide the identity of individuals. We recognize that in traditional surveillance systems, the viewer generally has sufficient contextual knowledge about location of the camera, time, and activity patterns; which can lead to identity leakage even when the visual cues (face and appearance) are not present. In this way, the viewer can relate the identity of individuals to the sensitive information in the video causing privacy loss. In order to provide robust privacy preservation, the context knowledge needs to be decoupled from the video; however, human monitoring of the videos is also necessary for the assessment of the situation. In this paper we propose anonymous surveillance framework that decouples the contextual knowledge and video to the minimal extent required for situation assessment. The experimental results confirm that the proposed framework is very effective in protecting the privacy, yet does not affect much of the surveillance utility of the data.
17 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this white paper, some of the technology needs and challenges of body-worn cameras are highlighted, and these needs are related to the relevant state of the art in computer vision and multimedia research.
Abstract: The social conventions and expectations around the appropriate use of imaging and video has been transformed by the availability of video cameras in our pockets. The impact on law enforcement can easily be seen by watching the nightly news; more and more arrests, interventions, or even routine stops are being caught on cell phones or surveillance video, with both positive and negative consequences. This proliferation of the use of video has led law enforcement to look at the potential benefits of incorporating video capture systematically in their day to day operations. At the same time, recognition of the inevitability of widespread use of video for police operations has caused a rush to deploy all types of cameras, including body worn cameras. However, the vast majority of police agencies have limited experience in utilizing video to its full advantage, and thus do not have the capability to fully realize the value of expanding their video capabilities. In this white paper, we highlight some of the technology needs and challenges of body-worn cameras, and we relate these needs to the relevant state of the art in computer vision and multimedia research. We conclude with a set of recommendations.
15 citations
TL;DR: Body cameras have been enthusiastically endorsed by police, politicians, and civil-rights advocates, and have generated a burgeoning industry as mentioned in this paper. Yet people know very little about how and why they work, so the intended and unintended consequences of using them remain nebulous.
Abstract: Police body cameras are popping up everywhere, often to good effect because both police and suspects normally behave better in their presence. No wonder these small devices, enthusiastically endorsed by police, politicians, and civil-rights advocates, have generated a burgeoning industry. Yet people know very little about how and why they work, so the intended and unintended consequences of using them remain nebulous.
13 citations