Bose-Einstein condensation in a surface microtrap.
TL;DR: Bose-Einstein condensation has been achieved in a magnetic surface microtrap with 4 x 10(5) (87)Rb atoms in a vacuo trap design compatible with ultrahigh vacuum below 2 x 10(-11) mbar.
Abstract: Bose-Einstein condensation has been achieved in a magnetic surface microtrap with 4 x 10(5) (87)Rb atoms. The strongly anisotropic trapping potential is generated by a microstructure which consists of microfabricated linear copper conductor of widths ranging from 3 to 30 microm. After loading a high number of atoms from a pulsed thermal source directly into a magneto-optical trap the magnetically stored atoms are transferred into the microtrap by adiabatic transformation of the trapping potential. In the microtrap the atoms are cooled to condensation using forced rf-evaporation. The complete in vacuo trap design is compatible with ultrahigh vacuum below 2 x 10(-11) mbar.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors introduce the concept of Fano resonances, which can be reduced to the interaction of a discrete (localized) state with a continuum of propagation modes, and explain their geometrical and/or dynamical origin.
Abstract: Modern nanotechnology allows one to scale down various important devices (sensors, chips, fibers, etc.) and thus opens up new horizons for their applications. The efficiency of most of them is based on fundamental physical phenomena, such as transport of wave excitations and resonances. Short propagation distances make phase-coherent processes of waves important. Often the scattering of waves involves propagation along different paths and, as a consequence, results in interference phenomena, where constructive interference corresponds to resonant enhancement and destructive interference to resonant suppression of the transmission. Recently, a variety of experimental and theoretical work has revealed such patterns in different physical settings. The purpose of this review is to relate resonant scattering to Fano resonances, known from atomic physics. One of the main features of the Fano resonance is its asymmetric line profile. The asymmetry originates from a close coexistence of resonant transmission and resonant reflection and can be reduced to the interaction of a discrete (localized) state with a continuum of propagation modes. The basic concepts of Fano resonances are introduced, their geometrical and/or dynamical origin are explained, and theoretical and experimental studies of light propagation in photonic devices, charge transport through quantum dots, plasmon scattering in Josephson-junction networks, and matter-wave scattering in ultracold atom systems, among others are reviewed.
2,520 citations
Cites background from "Bose-Einstein condensation in a sur..."
...Such a situation could be realized experimentally by combining optical lattices with atom-chip technology (Hänsel et al., 2001; Ott et al., 2001) or in optical micro-lens arrays (Dumke et al., 2002)....
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TL;DR: A comprehensive overview of the development of micro traps, from the first experiments on guiding atoms using current carrying wires in the early 1990's to the creation of a BEC on an atom chip, can be found in this article.
Abstract: We give a comprehensive overview of the development of micro traps, from the first experiments on guiding atoms using current carrying wires in the early 1990's to the creation of a BEC on an atom chip.
660 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the formation of a condensate can be greatly simplified using a microscopic magnetic trap on a chip, and the possibility of manipulating laser-like coherent matter waves with such an integrated atom-optical system holds promise for applications in interferometry, holography, microscopy, atom lithography and quantum information processing.
Abstract: Although Bose-Einstein condensates of ultracold atoms have been experimentally realizable for several years, their formation and manipulation still impose considerable technical challenges. An all-optical technique that enables faster production of Bose-Einstein condensates was recently reported. Here we demonstrate that the formation of a condensate can be greatly simplified using a microscopic magnetic trap on a chip. We achieve Bose-Einstein condensation inside the single vapour cell of a magneto-optical trap in as little as 700 ms-more than a factor of ten faster than typical experiments, and a factor of three faster than the all-optical technique. A coherent matter wave is emitted normal to the chip surface when the trapped atoms are released into free fall; alternatively, we couple the condensate into an 'atomic conveyor belt', which is used to transport the condensed cloud non-destructively over a macroscopic distance parallel to the chip surface. The possibility of manipulating laser-like coherent matter waves with such an integrated atom-optical system holds promise for applications in interferometry, holography, microscopy, atom lithography and quantum information processing.
636 citations
Cites methods from "Bose-Einstein condensation in a sur..."
...In an experiment which was realized simultaneously with the results reported here, microfabricated parallel conductors were used in a last stage of evaporative cooling to achieve Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC...
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TL;DR: In this paper, a comprehensive description of the basic concepts and fabrication techniques of microtraps together with early pioneering experiments, emphasis is placed on current experiments on degenerate quantum gases.
Abstract: Trapping and manipulating ultracold atoms and degenerate quantum gases in magnetic micropotentials is reviewed. Starting with a comprehensive description of the basic concepts and fabrication techniques of microtraps together with early pioneering experiments, emphasis is placed on current experiments on degenerate quantum gases. This includes the loading of quantum gases in microtraps, coherent manipulation, and transport of condensates together with recently reported experiments on matter-wave interferometry on a chip. Theoretical approaches for describing atoms in waveguides and beam splitters are briefly summarized, and, finally, the interaction between atoms and the surface of microtraps is covered in some detail.
598 citations
Cites methods from "Bose-Einstein condensation in a sur..."
...An adiabatic transfer scheme allowing 100% transfer efficiency has been introduced by Ott et al. 2001 and Fortágh et al. 2003 ....
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...This goal was achieved in 2001 in two experiments Ott et al., 2001; Hänsel, Hommelhoff, et al., 2001a ....
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...Ioffe traps as described above are used in several experiments for adiabatically loading atoms into microtraps Ott et al., 2001; Fortágh et al., 2003; Lin et al., 2004 ....
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TL;DR: A comprehensive overview of the development of micro traps, from the first experiments on guiding atoms using current carrying wires in the early 1990's to the creation of a BEC on an atom chip, can be found in this article.
Abstract: We give a comprehensive overview of the development of micro traps, from the first experiments on guiding atoms using current carrying wires in the early 1990's to the creation of a BEC on an atom chip.
564 citations