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Journal ArticleDOI

Brain drain and South Africa's socioeconomic development: The waves and its effects

01 Nov 2019-Journal of Public Affairs (John Wiley & Sons, Ltd)-Vol. 19, Iss: 4
About: This article is published in Journal of Public Affairs.The article was published on 2019-11-01. It has received 10 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Socioeconomic development.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored the talent attraction and retention practices pertaining to employer, internal and corporate brand building in companies that are top South African brands and provided insights from strategic-level leaders across human resources and brand and line management.
Abstract: Orientation: Companies leverage employer, internal and corporate brand building practices as they compete to attract and retain the rare talent required for organisational success. Research purpose: To explore, in the context of global leading practice, the talent attraction and retention practices pertaining to employer, internal and corporate brand building in companies that are top South African brands. Motivation for the study: There is a shortage of South African studies providing relevant current insights into talent attraction and retention through brand building within the local context. Research approach/design and method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with strategic-level leaders in human resources and brand and line management across five companies that are top South African brands. Thematic content analysis yielded six themes that provided insight into local leading practices in talent attraction and retention through brand building. Main findings: Corporate brand building dominated talent attraction and retention, with talent lured by the commercial success of the brand and drawn to purpose-driven brands. Rigorous assessments confirmed whether talent met clearly articulated requirements and offered optimal brand fit. The employer and internal brands were currently under development, with learning and development as a central theme to both. Practical/managerial implications: This research provided insights from strategic-level leaders across human resources and brand and line management, providing current and practically applicable insights for all cross-functional leaders involved in talent attraction and retention. Contribution/value-add: South African companies and their leaders gained insight into leading practices in talent attraction and retention from an unprecedented sample of companies that are top South African brands.

7 citations


Cites background from "Brain drain and South Africa's soci..."

  • ...South Africa’s volatile economic climate has led to a lack of job security and financial stability, fuelling emigration of educated South Africans abroad in the so-called brain drain (Mlambo & Adetiba, 2019; Subban, 2016)....

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Dissertation
19 Jul 2019

6 citations


Cites background from "Brain drain and South Africa's soci..."

  • ...…because of their globally competent training and proficiency in English, the inflow of immigrant healthcare professionals is met with a historical legacy of xenophobia, making it difficult for them to fill in the positions left empty by the emigrated South African HRH (Mlambo & Adetiba, 2019)....

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  • ...This imbalance of migration, compounded with the domestic brain drain from rural South Africa (Mlambo and Adetiba, 2019; Mahlathi & Dlamini, 2017), continues to contribute to the maldistribution of healthcare workforce in the nation and hinder its further development. policy making: South Africa’s…...

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  • ...Despite changes in the policy direction, xenophobia remain an obstacle for any foreign healthcare workers in South Africa: they are unable to fill the positions left vacant by the emigrated South African HRH because they are not entrusted to be competent with these jobs (Mlambo & Adetiba, 2019)....

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  • ...Despite these steps taken to quell brain drain, South Africa still lacks clear cut policy directions relating to skilled migration, and rural areas especially suffer from lack of human capital in all sectors (Mlambo & Adetiba, 2019)....

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Book
28 Sep 2020

6 citations


Cites background from "Brain drain and South Africa's soci..."

  • ...4 Clemens 2011a, 2011b. 5 Ibid 6 Bhargava and Docquier 2008; Joudrey and Robson 2010; Kaplan and Höppli 2017; Mlambo and Adetiba 2019; Oberoi and Lin 2006; Özden and Philips 2015....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors determined the extent to which academically successful students studying in secondary schools in Turkey that only accept students scoring in extremely high (94th-99th) percentile on standardized tests harbor intentions to emigrate from Turkey in the future.
Abstract: The main goal of this study is to determine the extent to which academically successful students studying in secondary schools in Turkey that only accept students scoring in extremely high (94th-99th) percentile on standardized tests harbor intentions to emigrate from Turkey in the future. In addition, a secondary goal is to examine why they intend to carry out the various academic work, scientific work, cutting-edge technological research, and/or plans, patents, and discoveries related to R & D that they have already designed or plan to do in the future in different countries, i.e. why they intend to emigrate. The study was designed in accordance with qualitative research methods; three different groups were defined in order to obtain three sets of data. The first set of data was collected from 40 students from a school in Ankara that only accepts students who score in the 99th percentile or higher on the LYS-TEOG [LYS=Undergraduate Placement Exam; TEOG= Transition From Primary to Secondary Education Exam), the second set of data was obtained from a total of 98 students from a school that accepts students whose scores range from the 97th to the 99th percentile on the LYS-TEOG, and the third and final set of data was collected from a total of 56 students from a different school, one that accepts students whose scores range from the 94th to the 96th percentile on the LYS-TEOG. NVIVO 11, a qualitative data analysis computer software package, was used during the analysis of the findings; content analysis was the preferred research method. The findings of the study indicate that a large percentage of the most academically successful students in Turkey intend to emigrate as a direct result of the lack of trust in their own country, non-merit-based hiring standards & administrative decisions, the perception that science and research are not highly valued in Turkey, and concerns over the lack of support for workers and researchers alike.

5 citations


Cites background from "Brain drain and South Africa's soci..."

  • ...Mlambo & Adetiba (2019) and Chimboza (2012) have also called attention to similar findings which indicate that the exodus of medical personnel, teachers, professors, and engineers from North African countries has severely damaged these countries’ socio-economic development....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , the challenges of internationalization of higher education in low-income countries in East Africa have been investigated and strategies for responding to these challenges with regard to the internal and external environments were proposed.
Abstract: As it becomes more crucial to push the boundaries of science to develop new technologies and important global initiatives, internationalization can be instrumental in helping underdeveloped countries overcome challenges such as poverty, climate change, and educational inequalities. Higher education institutions have always faced challenges in the process of internationalization, which have occupied scholarly attention in recent decades, but little research has been conducted on the internationalization of higher education in less developed African countries. This qualitative study aims to shed light on the challenges of internationalization of higher education in low-income countries in East Africa. After reviewing the literature and interviewing academics, the obtained data were thematically analyzed. The results suggested 12 main challenges, which were classified into four major categories. The challenges include a lack of clear policies and guidelines; the inefficiency of the organizational structure of internationalization; financial, infrastructure, and equipment problems; weaknesses in scientific, skill, and language competences; cultural differences; non-reciprocal relationships; and a brain drain. Finally, strategies for responding to these challenges with regard to the internal and external environments of higher education institutions were proposed. Among the internal strategies of higher education institutions are the development of clear policies and visions, planning for the development of human resources, and sustainable budgeting for internationalization programs. External strategies emphasize the development of national policies and laws based on contextual and environmental conditions, as well as interaction and participation in international meetings to expand communication and use the scientific and economic capacities of international agencies and institutions.

2 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article contributes to healthcare theory and practice by developing a conceptual framework that provides policy-makers and managers a practical understanding of factors that affect healthcare service quality in the Iranian context.
Abstract: Background: The main purpose of this study was to identify factors that influence healthcare quality in the Iranian context. Methods: Exploratory in-depth individual and focus group interviews were conducted with 222 healthcare stakeholders including healthcare providers, managers, policy-makers, and payers to identify factors affecting the quality of healthcare services provided in Iranian healthcare organisations. Results: Quality in healthcare is a production of cooperation between the patient and the healthcare provider in a supportive environment. Personal factors of the provider and the patient, and factors pertaining to the healthcare organisation, healthcare system, and the broader environment affect healthcare service quality. Healthcare quality can be improved by supportive visionary leadership, proper planning, education and training, availability of resources, effective management of resources, employees and processes, and collaboration and cooperation among providers. Conclusion: This article contributes to healthcare theory and practice by developing a conceptual framework that provides policy-makers and managers a practical understanding of factors that affect healthcare service quality.

397 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Challenges in the health care systems in Canada, the United States of America and various developing countries are examined, with suggestions for ways to overcome these problems through the proper implementation of human resources management practices.
Abstract: Background: This paper addresses the health care system from a global perspective and the importance of human resources management (HRM) in improving overall patient health outcomes and delivery of health care services. Methods: We explored the published literature and collected data through secondary sources. Results: Various key success factors emerge that clearly affect health care practices and human resources management. This paper will reveal how human resources management is essential to any health care system and how it can improve health care models. Challenges in the health care systems in Canada, the United States of America and various developing countries are examined, with suggestions for ways to overcome these problems through the proper implementation of human resources management practices. Comparing and contrasting selected countries allowed a deeper understanding of the practical and crucial role of human resources management in health care. Conclusion: Proper management of human resources is critical in providing a high quality of health care. A refocus on human resources management in health care and more research are needed to develop new policies. Effective human resources management strategies are greatly needed to achieve better outcomes from and access to health care around the world.

314 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A paradigm shift in the relationship between medical schools in four African countries has created a culture of collaboration, overriding the history of competition, and the positive impact on the quality and efficiency of health workforce training suggests that future funding for global health education should prioritize such south-south collaborations.
Abstract: African medical schools have historically turned to northern partners for technical assistance and resources to strengthen their education and research programmes. In 2010, this paradigm shifted when the United States Government brought forward unprecedented resources to support African medical schools. The grant, entitled the Medical Education Partnership Initiative (MEPI) triggered a number of south-south collaborations between medical schools in Africa. This paper examines the goals of these partnerships and their impact on medical education and health workforce planning. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the Principal Investigators of the first four MEPI programmes that formed an in-country consortium. These interviews were recorded, transcribed and coded to identify common themes. All of the consortia have prioritized efforts to increase the quality of medical education, support new schools in-country and strengthen relations with government. These in-country partnerships have enabled schools to pool and mobilize limited resources creatively and generate locally-relevant curricula based on best-practices. The established schools are helping new schools by training faculty and using grant funds to purchase learning materials for their students. The consortia have strengthened the dialogue between academia and policy-makers enabling evidence-based health workforce planning. All of the partnerships are expected to last well beyond the MEPI grant as a result of local ownership and institutionalization of collaborative activities. The consortia described in this paper demonstrate a paradigm shift in the relationship between medical schools in four African countries. While schools in Africa have historically worked in silos, competing for limited resources, MEPI funding that was leveraged to form in-country partnerships has created a culture of collaboration, overriding the history of competition. The positive impact on the quality and efficiency of health workforce training suggests that future funding for global health education should prioritize such south-south collaborations.

222 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is estimated that the equivalent of 20 000 to 100 000 physicians, nurses, pharmacists and other core clinical staff will be needed to meet the WHO target of treating 3 million people by the end of 2005.
Abstract: Background Efforts to increase access to life-saving treatment, including antiretroviral therapy (ART), for people living with HIV/AIDS in resource-limited settings has been the growing focus of international efforts. One of the greatest challenges to scaling up will be the limited supply of adequately trained human resources for health, including doctors, nurses, pharmacists and other skilled providers. As national treatment programmes are planned, better estimates of human resource needs and improved approaches to assessing the impact of different staffing models are critically needed. However there have been few systematic assessments of staffing patterns in existing programmes or of the estimates being used in planning larger programmes.

188 citations

Posted Content
TL;DR: In this paper, the weak quality of education received by most poor children in South Africa places them in permanent disadvantage relative to those attending the mainly more affluent and better performing schools, and they illustrate that low quality schools act as a poverty trap.
Abstract: The weak quality of education received by most poor children in South Africa places them in permanent disadvantage relative to those attending the mainly more affluent and better performing schools. This document draws from a large number of studies undertaken for a major project and summarises this evidence, which illustrating that low quality schools act as a poverty trap.

107 citations