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Breve historia de la agroecología en la Argentina: orígenes, evolución y perspectivas futuras

01 Jan 2015-Vol. 10, Iss: 2, pp 93-102
TL;DR: Agroecology emerges as a new approach and paradigm of agricultural science that aims to provide strategies and criteria for the design, evaluation and management of sustainable agroecosystems.
Abstract: Agroecology emerges as a new approach and paradigm of agricultural science that aims to provide strategies and criteria for the design, evaluation and management of sustainable agroecosystems. It appears in different institutions and organizations, as a reaction to the increasingly obvious consequences of environmentally unsustainable and socially exclusive production model derived from the philosophy of the Green Revolution. Because of its multidisciplinary and pluriepistemological character as scientific approach, as a movement and as a series of strategies and techniques, the incorporation and consolidation of agroecology in Argentina, recognizes different goals, actors and stages. Among the institutions may be mentioned non-governmental organizations, state institutions and universities and other agricultural education institutions as well as farmers organizations. These stages are analyzed and the potentials and limitations for future expansion are discussed.

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Citations
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01 Jun 2020
TL;DR: In this paper, the sustainability status of three agroecosystems in arid areas, and identifying the critical aspects that limit it, through the use of economic, ecological and socio-cultural indicators.
Abstract: The main objective of this study was to determine the sustainability status of three agroecosystems in arid areas, and to identify the critical aspects that limit it, through the use of economic, ecological and socio-cultural indicators. Three agroecosystems (AE) were selected from the Department of 25 de Mayo, San Juan. Its main economic activity is goat farming and, to a lesser extent, cultivation of orchards, as well as subsistence economic activities. To determine the state of sustainability, the indicators were selected and subsequently standardized and weighted according to their relative importance with respect to sustainability. The results indicated that none of the dryland AE achieves sustainability simultaneously in its three dimensions. The systemic analysis through indicators showed that the critical variables are food self-sufficiency, water access, livestock survival, and technical assistance, among others. The methodology used is simple, allowing to detect the sustainability status of the three EAs, and to identify the critical variables that jeopardize the permanence of the AE over time.

10 citations

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2020
TL;DR: This chapter describes some strategies for high-density bio-inoculant cultivation, describing the influence of water stress as one the best conditions for the production of fungal spores, which is an inexpensive biotechnologic option for modern agriculture in developing countries.
Abstract: Biopesticide production has become a topic of intense research because of the application and use of this kind of bioactive agents to replace some traditional pesticides that are synthesized chemically, which are applied to food commodities. Worldwide, the market of biopesticides grows annually at a rate of 45% in North America, 25% in Europe and Oceania, 15% in Latin and South American countries, and 7% in Asia. Trends in the modern agriculture reflect an increment of the use of fungal and bacterial biopesticides for which the design of efficient bioprocesses and strategies to improve the productivity and stability of these bioactive agents is a necessity. In this chapter, biological control is described in detail, with particular focus on the significant advances in the production of biopesticides. Also, biocontrol is focused as an alternative to some synthetic chemical treatments that cause environmental, human health, and food quality risks. Recent data about the state of the art of production of biopesticides by solid-state bioprocessing of agroindustrial wastes is discussed, and finally we describe some strategies for high-density bio-inoculant cultivation, describing the influence of water stress as one the best conditions for the production of fungal spores, which is an inexpensive biotechnologic option for modern agriculture in developing countries.

6 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
18 Oct 2021
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the experience of a concrete process of construction of short inter-institutional agroecological marketing channels in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires: the De la tierra a tu Mesa [From the Ground to the Table] Agroecology Fair.
Abstract: The article aims to problematize the political and economic challenges for the construction of alternative agroecological food systems in short circuits from the Peasant and Indigenous Family Agriculture (AFCI). The productive responses to the food and health crises generated by the corporate agri-food system have been increasingly visible since the implementation of agroecology by grassroots peasant organizations. As a case study, we will present the experience of a concrete process of construction of short inter-institutional agroecological marketing channels in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires: the De la tierra a tu Mesa [From the Ground to the Table] Agroecological Fair. Municipal program that since 2019 has directly sold 20 tons of vegetables and fruits per month in 7 public parks of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, in the form of agroecological pockets, produced in the fruit and vegetable belt of La Plata, Metropolitan Region of Buenos Aires (RMBA). The experience that articulates peasant producers, urban consumers and municipal public officials, has been generating both an alternative of direct marketing to agroecological producers and a source of healthy and economical food in the city.

3 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyze the production orientation (agroecological or conventional) of extension workers from nine countries in three continents, based on a questionnaire, and acknowledge the pote...
Abstract: In this study, we analyze the production orientation (agroecological or conventional) of extension workers from nine countries in three continents, based on a questionnaire. We acknowledge the pote...

3 citations


Cites background from "Breve historia de la agroecología e..."

  • ...Thus, while there is a clear orientation toward agroecology in Argentina and Chile (and even in Mexico and Brazil), there are other countries, such as South Africa and particularly Nigeria, where the production orientation is predominantly conventional....

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  • ...The analysis was conducted only with data from four countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico), since the size of the remaining samples was insufficient for the procedure....

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  • ...According to Sarandón and Marasas (2015), its negative impacts can be summarized as environmental unsustainability and exclusion of most farmers....

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  • ...Figures 3 and 4 evidence that the incidence of having (or not) a production objective is stronger in Argentina and Brazil, i.e. the link between productive modernization and conventional agriculture is stronger than in Chile and Mexico....

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  • ...Educational level was also found to be associated with the respondents’ personal production approach in Argentina, Brazil and South Africa....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, conceptual superlatives present in agroecological research were analyzed as part of different agro-ecology semantics expressed, along the decade 2010-2020, and as a bounded sample of agro ecological thinking in Latin America.
Abstract: The neoliberal capitalism exceeded the sustainable boundaries of biotopes, generating eco-systemic dysfunctionalities, and deconstructing agri-food systems. In front of such scenario, agroecology emerges as analysis field, as a result of its codification, as a concept of the UN-FAO international system, to implement a worldwide agenda for development and food security. This aims to generate a social rhizome by innumerable local actors who seek to re-convert the conventional agri-food system into an agro ecological system. The latest exposed the need to analyze the agroecology´s semantic as a modernity story in front of two possible paths: become a decolonizing semantics and representative of a contestatory social grammar, or become in an uprooted and depoliticized version of an agri-food extractivist mainstream violator of rights. Given this, is possible that agroecology manages to “scrap” the neoliberal agriculture epistemology and propose a more promising alternative? Problems, as the COVID-19, exposed the high fragility of the global agri food systems, thus the immediately urgency to look for concrete answers. To do this, conceptual superlatives present in agroecological researchs were analyzed as part of different agroecology semantics expressed, along the decade 2010-2020, and as a bounded sample of agroecological thinking in Latin America.

3 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyse the historical evolution of the scientific discipline of agroecology with a quantitative bibliometric analysis of 711 publications using the term agro-ecology and the derived term Agroecological, as well as a qualitative analysis of definitions, topics and scales.
Abstract: At present, agroecology can be interpreted as a scientific discipline, as a movement or as a practice. In this paper we analyse the historical evolution of the scientific discipline of agroecology with a quantitative bibliometric analysis of 711 publications using the term agroecology and the derived term agroecological, as well as a qualitative analysis of definitions, topics and scales, where we also include further important works on agroecology. Agroecology emerged in the 1930s and the period up until the 1960s was the initial phase of agroecology. During the 1970s and 1980s, agroecology as a science expanded, and in the 1990s became institutionalized and consolidated. Since the 2000s, broader definitions have provided the basis for new dimensions in agroecology. During the last two decades the range of topics treated within agroecology grew enormously; also the publication rate has exploded within the last 10 years. The scale and dimension of scientific research in agroecology has changed over the past 80 years from the plot or field scale to the farm or agroecosystem scale and finally to the food system. Currently, three approaches persist: (1) the plot/field scale; (2) the agroecosystem/farm scale; and (3) the food system approach. In spite of a vague utilization of the term agroecology through its different meanings and definitions, the new views and dimensions brought to agroecology as a scientific discipline will probably facilitate efforts to respond to actual important questions on sustainable agriculture, global land use and climate change, or food security, due to increasingly applied systems thinking and interdisciplinary research approaches.

210 citations

01 Jan 1992
TL;DR: Agarwal et al. as mentioned in this paper present a surveyo de the sociedades indígenas and their sistemas agrícolas a lo largo de diversas regiones geográficas for más de un siglo.
Abstract: El estudio de la agricultura tradicional no es algo nuevo. Los antropólogos han estudiado las sociedades indígenas y sus sistemas agrícolas a lo largo de diversas regiones geográficas por más de un siglo. En los últimos años, han emergido numerosas descripciones detalladas de los distintos modelos tradicionales de subsistencia en diversas comunidades agrícolas (Rappaport, 1968; Brokenshaw et al., 1980). Varias preguntas importantes han surgido en torno a las relaciones sociales de la producción, las interacciones entre los seres humanos y su medio ambiente (que resultan en patrones típicos de utilización de la tierra), y las interacciones entre ciertos pueblos y el resto del mundo (Rhoades, 1984). Estos trabajos han contribuido al desarrollo de una perspectiva de ecología humana muy necesaria en la investigación de agroecosistemas (Rambo y Sajise, 1984). El objetivo de algunos cientistas sociales ha sido el de convencer a planificadores y agentes del desarrollo a tomar en cuenta los conocimientos acumulados, las habilidades tradicionales y las tecnologías locales. Muchos de los administradores de recursos que han sido entrenados en el occidente terminan aconsejando y a veces hasta manejando los recursos agrícolas de otras tierras y culturas. Mucho daño se podría evitar si estas personas entendieran las bases culturales y ecológicas del sistema donde trabajan (Klee, 1980).

63 citations


"Breve historia de la agroecología e..." refers background in this paper

  • ...…del modelo fomentado y apoyado por las instituciones oficiales de nuestro país, comenzaron a difundirse en Latinoamérica, casos documentados del manejo ecológicamente adecuado de ciertas prácticas agrícolas utilizadas por agricultores/ as tradicionales (Altieri 1985, 1991, Toledo 1992)....

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07 Jul 2014
TL;DR: In this article, aPalestra proferida pelo Prof. Santiago Sarandon no I Congresso Paranaense de Agroecologia (CPAG) was presented.
Abstract: Palestra proferida pelo Prof. Santiago Sarandon no I Congresso Paranaense de Agroecologia. - Pinhais/PR – 29 e 30/05/2014

2 citations


"Breve historia de la agroecología e..." refers background in this paper

  • ...…una forma de entender la ciencia, la investigación y la extensión en estas Instituciones donde aún predomina una visión difusionista y paternalista con los agricultores, a quienes se los ve como destinatarios de nuestras investigaciones, negándoles un conocimiento propio y valioso (Sarandón 2014)....

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31 Dec 2009
TL;DR: The Feria de Semillas Nativas y Criollas as mentioned in this paper is an exposición of the importance of semillas, haciendo visible the papel of las organizaciones de agricultores familiares en the conservación de la biodiversidad.
Abstract: Desde 2007 se realiza durante el mes de mayo en el Parque Pereyra Iraola, Buenos Aires (Argentina), la Feria de Semillas Nativas y Criollas, espacio de encuentro e intercambio que realza la importancia de producir y conservar semillas, haciendo visible el papel de las organizaciones de agricultores familiares en la conservacion de la biodiversidad. En este marco creamos un grupo de trabajo con el objetivo de registrar la diversidad de productos y materiales que circularon y dar a conocer la variedad de semillas de las organizaciones. En 2008 el relevamiento se realizo en los puestos de las organizaciones y productores presentes mediante entrevistas y toma de muestras. Observamos 392 muestras de semillas y partes reproductivas en puestos de 37 organizaciones. En la Feria 2009 presentamos el Libro de las Semillas que revela lo ocurrido en los talleres, paneles e intercambio en los stands y las semillas presentes en la Feria 2008, y realizamos un nuevo relevamiento aun en procesamiento.

1 citations


"Breve historia de la agroecología e..." refers background in this paper

  • ...…ferias de semillas de la Mesa provincial de organizaciones de productores familiares han tenido una gran convocatoria y un gran impacto en el conocimiento y valoración de la agrobiodiversidad en la región (Ahumada et al. 2009, Domínguez et al. 2009; Bonicatto et al. 2009, Pochettino et al. 2011)....

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