Bridging the qualitative-quantitative divide: guidelines for conducting mixed methods research in information systems
01 Mar 2013-Management Information Systems Quarterly (Society for Information Management and The Management Information Systems Research CenterPUB1567Minneapolis, MN, USA)-Vol. 37, Iss: 1, pp 21-54
TL;DR: These guidelines elaborate on three important aspects of conducting mixed methods research: appropriateness of a mixed methods approach; development of meta-inferences; and assessment of the quality of Meta-Inferences.
Abstract: Mixed methods research is an approach that combines quantitative and qualitative research methods in the same research inquiry. Such work can help develop rich insights into various phenomena of interest that cannot be fully understood using only a quantitative or a qualitative method. Notwithstanding the benefits and repeated calls for such work, there is a dearth of mixed methods research in information systems. Building on the literature on recent methodological advances in mixed methods research, we develop a set of guidelines for conducting mixed methods research in IS. We particularly elaborate on three important aspects of conducting mixed methods research: (1) appropriateness of a mixed methods approach; (2) development of meta-inferences (i.e., substantive theory) from mixed methods research; and (3) assessment of the quality of meta-inferences (i.e., validation of mixed methods research). The applicability of these guidelines is illustrated using two published IS papers that used mixed methods.
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TL;DR: The Nature of Qualitative Inquiry Theoretical Orientations Particularly Appropriate Qualitative Applications as mentioned in this paper, and Qualitative Interviewing: Qualitative Analysis and Interpretation Enhancing the quality and credibility of qualitative analysis and interpretation.
Abstract: PART ONE: CONCEPTUAL ISSUES IN THE USE OF QUALITATIVE METHODS The Nature of Qualitative Inquiry Strategic Themes in Qualitative Methods Variety in Qualitative Inquiry Theoretical Orientations Particularly Appropriate Qualitative Applications PART TWO: QUALITATIVE DESIGNS AND DATA COLLECTION Designing Qualitative Studies Fieldwork Strategies and Observation Methods Qualitative Interviewing PART THREE: ANALYSIS, INTERPRETATION, AND REPORTING Qualitative Analysis and Interpretation Enhancing the Quality and Credibility of Qualitative Analysis
31,305 citations
"Bridging the qualitative-quantitati..." refers background in this paper
...Further, MIS Quarterly Vol. 37 No. 1/March 2013 45 given that the purpose of the qualitative analysis was to validate the findings from the quantitative analysis, if quantitative and qualitative data were collected sequentially, it would have been difficult to achieve this objective because users’ perceptions of IS might change by the time qualitative data would have been collected....
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...Some researchers, primarily from the positi- MIS Quarterly Vol. 37 No. 1/March 2013 33 vist paradigm, have suggested that the same set of criteria used in quantitative studies can be applied to qualitative studies, while other researchers, primarily interpretivist or constructivist, have suggested a different set of evaluation criteria....
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...In other words, inference quality has to be assessed on the overall findings from 40 MIS Quarterly Vol. 37 No. 1/March 2013 mixed methods research (i.e., meta-inferences)....
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...Building on the suggestions of scholars who advanced our knowledge of research methodologies (Cook and Campbell 1979; Lincoln and Guba 2000; Maxwell 1992; Nunnaly and Bernstein 1994; Patton 2002), 7We did not include unpublished work, such as working papers or doctoral dissertations....
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...24 MIS Quarterly Vol. 37 No. 1/March 2013 Second, mixed methods research has the ability to provide stronger inferences than a single method or worldview (Teddlie and Tashakkori 2003, 2009)....
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TL;DR: The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) as mentioned in this paper is a unified model that integrates elements across the eight models, and empirically validate the unified model.
Abstract: Information technology (IT) acceptance research has yielded many competing models, each with different sets of acceptance determinants. In this paper, we (1) review user acceptance literature and discuss eight prominent models, (2) empirically compare the eight models and their extensions, (3) formulate a unified model that integrates elements across the eight models, and (4) empirically validate the unified model. The eight models reviewed are the theory of reasoned action, the technology acceptance model, the motivational model, the theory of planned behavior, a model combining the technology acceptance model and the theory of planned behavior, the model of PC utilization, the innovation diffusion theory, and the social cognitive theory. Using data from four organizations over a six-month period with three points of measurement, the eight models explained between 17 percent and 53 percent of the variance in user intentions to use information technology. Next, a unified model, called the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), was formulated, with four core determinants of intention and usage, and up to four moderators of key relationships. UTAUT was then tested using the original data and found to outperform the eight individual models (adjusted R2 of 69 percent). UTAUT was then confirmed with data from two new organizations with similar results (adjusted R2 of 70 percent). UTAUT thus provides a useful tool for managers needing to assess the likelihood of success for new technology introductions and helps them understand the drivers of acceptance in order to proactively design interventions (including training, marketing, etc.) targeted at populations of users that may be less inclined to adopt and use new systems. The paper also makes several recommendations for future research including developing a deeper understanding of the dynamic influences studied here, refining measurement of the core constructs used in UTAUT, and understanding the organizational outcomes associated with new technology use.
27,798 citations
TL;DR: The discipline and practice of qualitative research have been extensively studied in the literature as discussed by the authors, including the work of Denzin and Denzin, and their history in sociology and anthropology, as well as the role of women in qualitative research.
Abstract: Introduction - Norman K Denzin and Yvonna S Lincoln The Discipline and Practice of Qualitative Research PART ONE: LOCATING THE FIELD Qualitative Methods - Arthur J Vidich and Stanford M Lyman Their History in Sociology and Anthropology Reconstructing the Relationships between Universities and Society through Action Research - Davydd J Greenwood and Morten Levin For Whom? Qualitative Research, Representations and Social Responsibilities - Michelle Fine et al Ethics and Politics in Qualitative Research - Clifford G Christians PART TWO: PARADIGMS AND PERSPECTIVES IN TRANSITION Paradigmatic Controversies, Contradictions and Emerging Confluences - Yvonna S Lincoln and Egon G Guba Three Epistemological Stances for Qualitative Inquiry - Thomas A Schwandt Interpretivism, Hermeneutics and Social Constructionism Feminisms and Qualitative Research at and into the Millennium - Virginia L Olesen Racialized Discourses and Ethnic Epistemologies - Gloria Ladson-Billings Rethinking Critical Theory and Qualitative Research - Joe L Kincheloe and Peter McLaren Cultural Studies - John Frow and Meaghan Morris Sexualities, Queer Theory and Qualitative Research - Joshua Gamson PART THREE: STRATEGIES OF INQUIRY The Choreography of Qualitative Research Design - Valerie J Janesick Minuets, Improvisations and Crystallization An Untold Story? Doing Funded Qualitative Research - Julianne Cheek Performance Ethnography - Michal M McCall A Brief History and Some Advice Case Studies - Robert E Stake Ethnography and Ethnographic Representation - Barbara Tedlock Analyzing Interpretive Practice - Jaber F Gubrium and James A Holstein Grounded Theory - Kathy Charmaz Objectivist and Constructivist Methods Undaunted Courage - William G Tierney Life History and the Postmodern Challenge Testimonio, Subalternity and Narrative Authority - John Beverley Participatory Action Research - Stephen Kemmis and Robin McTaggart Clinical Research - William L Miller and Benjamin F Crabtree PART FOUR: METHODS OF COLLECTING AND ANALYZING EMPIRICAL MATERIALS The Interview - Andrea Fontana and James H Frey From Structured Questions to Negotiated Text Rethinking Observation - Michael V Angrosino and Kimberly A Mays de Perez From Method to Context The Interpretation of Documents and Material Culture - Ian Hodder Re-Imagining Visual Methods - Douglas Harper Galileo to Neuromancer Auto-Ethnography, Personal Narrative, Reflexivity - Carolyn Ellis and Arthur P Bochner Researcher as Subject Data Management and Analysis Methods - Gery W Ryan and H Russell Bernard Software and Qualitative Research - Eben A Weitzman Analyzing Talk and Text - David Silverman Focus Groups in Feminist Research - Esther Madriz Applied Ethnography - Erve Chambers PART FIVE: THE ART AND PRACTICES OF INTERPRETATION, EVALUATION AND REPRESENTATION The Problem of Criteria in the Age of Relativism - John K Smith and Deborah K Deemer The Practices and Politics of Interpretation - Norman K Denzin Writing - Laurel Richardson A Method of Inquiry Anthropological Poetics - Ivan Brady Understanding Social Programs through Evaluation - Jennifer C Greene Influencing the Policy Process with Qualitative Research - Ray C Rist PART SIX: THE FUTURE OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH Qualitative Inquiry - Mary M Gergen and Kenneth J Gergen Tensions and Transformations The Seventh Moment - Yvonna S Lincoln and Norman K Denzin Out of the Past
26,318 citations
"Bridging the qualitative-quantitati..." refers background in this paper
...…in which a mixed methods approach is potentially superior to a single method design, there has been intense debate regarding whether or not it is even appropriate to combine multiple methods that are often based on radically different paradigmatic assumptions (Denzin and Lincoln 1994; Guba 1987)....
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Book•
18 Aug 2006TL;DR: This book discusses writing and Evaluating Mixed Methods Research, and the importance of knowing the structure of the writing so that it Relates to the Designs Evaluating a Mixed Methods Study Within Designs.
Abstract: List of Tables List of Figures Preface Purpose of This Book Audience for the Book Book Features Acknowledgments Chapter 1: Understanding Mixed Methods Research Purpose and Organization Clarifying Terms What Is Mixed Methods Research? The Importance of Mixed Methods Research Summary Activities Additional Resources to Examine Chapter 2: Examining Preliminary Considerations Consider Worldview Stances The Basics of Quantitative and Qualitative Research Research Problems Addressed by Mixed Methods Summary Activities Additional Resources to Examine Chapter 3: Locating and Reviewing Mixed Methods Studies Searching for and Reviewing Mixed Methods Studies A Mixed Methods Notation System and Visual Diagrams Four Examples of Mixed Methods Studies Summary Activities Additional Resources to Examine Chapter 4: Choosing a Mixed Methods Design Classifications of Mixed Methods Designs The Four Major Types of Mixed Methods Designs Selecting a Type of Mixed Methods Design Implementing the Design Decisions Writing a Paragraph to Identify a Study's Design Summary Activities Additional Resources to Examine Chapter 5: Introducing a Mixed Methods Study Writing a Mixed Methods Title Stating the Problem in the Introduction The Purpose Statement Research Questions and Hypotheses Summary Activities Additional Resources to Examine Chapter 6: Collecting Data in Mixed Methods Research Procedures in Qualitative and Quantitative Data Collection Data Collection in Mixed Methods Design Summary Activities Additional Resources to Examine Chapter 7: Analyzing Data in Mixed Methods Research Procedures in Quantitative and Qualitative Data Analysis Data Analysis With Mixed Methods Designs Summary Activities Additional Resources to Examine Chapter 8: Writing and Evaluating Mixed Methods Research General Guidelines for Writing Organize the Structure of the Writing So That It Relates to the Designs Evaluating a Mixed Methods Study Within Designs Summary Activities Additional Resources to Examine Chapter 9: Questions Often Raised About Mixed Methods Research Anticipate Mixed Methods Questions What Is Mixed Methods Research? Is Mixed Methods Research Accepted? Is Mixed Methods Research Realistic? Summary Activities Additional Resources to Examine Chapter 10: Future Directions for Mixed Methods Research Needed Developments in Mixed Methods Research Summary Activities Additional Resources to Examine Appendix A. A Triangulation Design Appendix B. An Embedded Design Appendix C. An Explanatory Design Appendix D. An Exploratory Design References Index About the Authors
23,221 citations
01 Apr 2000
17,938 citations
"Bridging the qualitative-quantitati..." refers background in this paper
...In other words, inference quality has to be assessed on the overall findings from 40 MIS Quarterly Vol. 37 No. 1/March 2013 mixed methods research (i.e., meta-inferences)....
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...Lincoln and Guba (1985) suggested a process called inquiry audit to measure consistency and dependability of qualitative data....
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...This discussion will help editors, reviewers, and readers understand whether metainferences are consistent with the research objectives and make substantive theoretical contributions....
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...Others have suggested that although validation is important for qualitative research, it should be called something other than reliability and validity to distinguish it from what is done in quantitative research (Lincoln and Guba 1985; Patton 2002)....
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...In qualitative research, consistency and dependability of data and analysis are two terms that are conceptually similar to reliability in quantitative research (Lincoln and Guba 1985)....
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