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Journal Article•DOI•

Brine Effluents: Characteristics, Environmental Impacts, and Their Handling

30 Sep 2016-Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences (ITB Journal Publisher)-Vol. 48, Iss: 4, pp 367-387
TL;DR: In this paper, an overview of different types of brine effluents, their sources and characteristics are discussed, as well as impacts of brines on the environment and management options related to their characteristics.
Abstract: Brine discharge is one of the largest sources of wastewater from industrial processes. Because of the environmental impacts arising from improper treatment of brine discharge and more rigorous regulations of pollution control, industries have started to focus on waste minimization and improving the process of wastewater treatment. Several approaches have been proposed to provide a strategy for brine handling by recovering both brine and water or to remove pollutant components so it complies with environmental regulations when discharged. One of the most promising alternatives to brine disposal is reusing the brine, which results in reduction of pollution, minimizing waste volume and salt recovery. The brine may also contain valuable components that could be recovered for profitable use. Also, water recovery from brine effluent is generally performed to save water. In the case of rejected brine from desalination plants, water recovery from higher brine concentrations has huge potential for salt production. This paper gives an overview of different types of brine effluents, their sources and characteristics. Also discussed are impacts of brine on the environment and management options related to their characteristics.
Citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the role of carbon nanotube (CNT) as filler in a membrane matrix became popular recently, and various approaches have been investigated to functionalize CNT for achieving a high dispersion of CNT as well as high compatibility between CNT and a polymer matrix which lead to improvement of modified membrane properties and performances.
Abstract: The role of carbon nanotube (CNT) as filler in a membrane matrix became popular recently. CNT is believed to solve the trade-off issue between permeability and selectivity, and also fouling problems in membrane filtration applications. Their fullerene form is a key point to provide a higher pore size on membrane surface as well as empty space called porosity in membrane structures. However, the hydrophobicity characteristic of CNT has made it difficult to distribute and it tends to agglomerate with each other which leads to a decrease in the dispersion ability in a solvent and, in the same way, a decline in the compatibility of a membrane structure. Functionalization of CNT is expected to solve those problems. Moreover, membrane hydrophilicity, which is provided by the existence of hydrophilic functionalized CNT, is aimed to achieve the anti trade-off between permeability and selectivity based on a electrostatic repulsion concept. By an electrostatic repulsion process, a pollutant will be repelled from attaching to a membrane surface while water will be strongly attracted and be transported through the membrane. Therefore, various approaches have been investigated to functionalize CNT for achieving a high dispersion of CNT as well as high compatibility between CNT and a polymer matrix which lead to improvement of modified membrane properties and performances. This paper reviews the progress of CNT functionalization applied in membrane filtration during the years 2006 up to 2016. The influence of functionalized CNT in improving membrane properties as well as membrane performances is specifically highlighted.

181 citations

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TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a comprehensive insight into the current development of the desalination process through examining the different technologies available, energy consumption, water production costs of these technologies and the brine water characteristics.

69 citations

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TL;DR: The membrane processes demonstrate promising results for beverage dealcoholizations while preserving the sensorial properties, and there is still a lot effort placed on the research for the development of the prospective separation process that may produce brews that are both healthy (dealcoholized) and delicious.
Abstract: Background It is clearly observed that there is a highly significant increase on the demand of non-alcoholic beverages (such as beer and wine) for the last few years. However, there is a huge issue faced by the market, where most of the available non-alcoholic beverages are not organoleptically accepted, as they exhibit lack of flavor and aroma, and also different taste compared to the regular brews. Therefore, it is imperative to have appropriate processes or methods to selectively remove ethanol while retaining the volatile components that are related with flavor and aroma of original brew. Scope and approach To present a clear background about the dealcoholization and its importance, this paper will bring a brief discussion on the nutrient and health aspects related to the beer and wine. Furthermore, some conventional approaches for dealcoholization in the past will be discussed, mainly on the thermal-based processes. Moreover, the state of the art and the present status of the beverage dealcoholization processes will be discussed in detail, focusing on the approaches utilizing membranes along with some miscellaneous dealcoholization methods. In addition, the dealcoholization employing the membrane processes is the spotlight for the future perspective and development. Key findings and conclusions The membrane processes demonstrate promising results for beverage dealcoholizations while preserving the sensorial properties. However, there is still a lot effort to be placed on the research for the development of the prospective separation process that may produce brews that are both healthy (dealcoholized) and delicious.

60 citations

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TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared polymer, inorganic, and polymer-inorganic composite materials and showed that most of the polymer membranes are suitable for production of low to moderate purity O2 and for high-purity N2.
Abstract: Abstract Compared with current conventional technologies, oxygen/nitrogen (O2/N2) separation using membrane offers numerous advantages, especially in terms of energy consumption, footprint, and capital cost. However, low product purity still becomes the major challenge for commercialization of membrane-based technologies. Therefore, numerous studies on membrane development have been conducted to improve both membrane properties and separation performance. Various materials have been developed to obtain membranes with high O2 permeability and high O2/N2 selectivity, including polymer, inorganic, and polymer-inorganic composite materials. The results showed that most of the polymer membranes are suitable for production of low to moderate purity O2 and for production of high-purity N2. Meanwhile, perovskite membrane can be used to produce a high-purity oxygen. Furthermore, the developments of O2/N2 separation using membrane broaden the applications of oxygen enrichment for oxy-combustion, gasification, desulfurization, and intensification of air oxidation reactions, while nitrogen enrichment is also important for manufacturing pressure-sensitive adhesive and storing and handling free-radical polymerization monomers.

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TL;DR: In this paper, several studies on antibacterial modified polymeric membranes, particularly for water treatment, were reviewed comprehensively, and special attention was given on polymeric membrane modifications by introducing antibacterial agents through different methods, such as blending, grafting, and coating.
Abstract: Bacteria have been considered as a major foulant that initiates the formation of biofilm on the polymeric membrane surface. Some polymeric membranes are naturally antibacterial and have low fouling properties, however, numerous efforts have been devoted to improve their antibacterial performance. These modifications are mostly carried out through blending the membrane with an antibacterial agent or introducing the antibacterial agent on the membrane surface by chemical grafting. Currently, a significant number of researches have reported nanocomposite membrane as a new approach to fabricate an excellent antibacterial membrane. The antibacterial nanoparticles are dispersed homogenously in membrane structure by blending method or coating onto the membrane surface. Aim of the modifications is to prevent the initial attachment of bacteria to membrane surface and kill bacteria when attached on the membrane surface. In this paper, several studies on antibacterial modified membranes, particularly for water treatment, will be reviewed comprehensively. Special attention will be given on polymeric membrane modifications by introducing antibacterial agents through different methods, such as blending, grafting, and coating.

49 citations


Cites background from "Brine Effluents: Characteristics, E..."

  • ...…significantly due to its low cost production, easy preparation and adjustable pore structure, high quality of product, easy scale up, lower energy consumption, and environmentally friendly (Ariono et al. 2017, Ariono et al. 2016, Khoiruddin et al. 2014, Wenten et al. 2016, Wenten et al. 2013)....

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References
More filters
Journal Article•DOI•
TL;DR: The major need for research in the future will be the combination of physico-chemical/biological treatment of saline industrial effluents, with regard to the global treatment chain, in order to meet the regulations.

1,017 citations


"Brine Effluents: Characteristics, E..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Brine effluents are also generated by processing of foods, such as canned meat, pickled vegetables, dairy products or fish and by leather industries [25]....

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  • ...Pickling, chromium tanning or soak liquor generated in the leather industry may contain about 80 g/L of NaCl [25]....

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  • ...During the evaporation process, various salts are precipitated in different stages, whereby the brine remaining in the ponds mainly contains magnesium chloride (MgCl2) after NaCl precipitation [21]....

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Journal Article•DOI•
TL;DR: In this paper, a model has been developed for obtaining the projected performance of membranes in pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) from direct and reverse Osmosis measurements, showing that concentration polarization within the porous substrate of the membrane markedly lowers the water flux under PRO conditions.

668 citations

Journal Article•DOI•
TL;DR: In this article, two reverse osmosis (RO) brine streams with total dissolved solids concentrations averaging 7500 and 17,500 mg/L were further desalinated by VEDCMD and FO.

514 citations

Journal Article•DOI•
TL;DR: In this paper, the fundamental principles and state-of-the-art of membrane-based conversion of salinity-gradient energy, a renewable and environmentally benign energy source receiving increased attention in recent years, are outlined.
Abstract: This perspective paper outlines the fundamental principles and state-of-the-art of membrane-based conversion of salinity-gradient energy, a renewable and environmentally benign energy source receiving increased attention in recent years. In particular, an attempt is made to identify the most important and promising directions for future research and technological innovation.

412 citations


"Brine Effluents: Characteristics, E..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...When applied to brine water, the PRO membrane seems to be more attractive with its higher power density and energy recovery (up to 15 W/m(2)) [60]....

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  • ...They showed that higher potential maximum power density could be achieved with RED (2-4 W/m2) than with PRO (1.2-1.5 W/m2) when these membranes are applied in seawater and river water....

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  • ...When applied to brine water, the PRO membrane seems to be more attractive with its higher power density and energy recovery (up to 15 W/m2) [60]....

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Journal Article•DOI•
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of fouling on the performance of membrane distillation was investigated during the concentration of wastewater with proteins, bilge water, brines, and the production of demineralized water.

399 citations


"Brine Effluents: Characteristics, E..." refers background in this paper

  • ...This can be easily washed away by using water [44], but it is also possible that the fouling causes permanent damage to the membrane [45]....

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Trending Questions (1)
The effect of brine waste from water treatment plants on the environment?

The paper discusses the impacts of brine on the environment and management options related to their characteristics.