Broadband right-angle transition from substrate integrated waveguide to rectangular waveguide
01 Mar 2017-Electronics Letters (Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET))-Vol. 53, Iss: 7, pp 473-475
TL;DR: In this paper, a broadband E-plane right-angle transition from a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) to a rectangular waveguide is proposed, which can be used in front-end circuits of millimetre-wave communication, radar, and measurement systems.
Abstract: A broadband E-plane right-angle transition from a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) to a rectangular waveguide (RWG) is proposed. A stepped waveguide, a coupling aperture, and two inductive posts are applied to provide a good impedance matching between the SIW and the RWG. A back-to-back transition prototype is designed, fabricated, and measured at Ka-band. Measured results show a good agreement with the simulated one: the insertion loss of a single transition is <0.6 dB and the return loss better than 15 dB is obtained from 32.6 to 38.1 GHz. The broadband transition can be used in front-end circuits of millimetre-wave communication, radar, and measurement systems.
Citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, a single-layer right-angle broadband transition between the substrate-integrated waveguide and air-filled standard rectangular waveguide is proposed and demonstrated at the V-band.
Abstract: A single-layer right-angle broadband transition between the substrate-integrated waveguide and air-filled standard rectangular waveguide is proposed and demonstrated at the V-band. An aperture coupled patch with two pairs of inductive posts is employed to form the transition. An impedance bandwidth wider than 48% for return loss less than −10 dB is achieved. The proposed back-to-back transition is fabricated on a single layer substrate using the printed circuit board technology. The measured results of back-to-back prototype show that the insertion loss of a single transition is less than 0.5 dB. The measured results show a good agreement with HFSS simulation results. This transition with compact size, wide bandwidth, and low cost can be used for a variety of millimeter-wave circuits and systems.
42 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a topology optimization approach to design planar multilayer transitions between substrate integrated waveguides (SIWs) and rectangular waveguide (RWGs) is presented.
Abstract: This article utilizes a topology optimization approach to design planar multilayer transitions between substrate integrated waveguides (SIWs) and rectangular waveguides (RWGs). The optimization problem is formulated based on the modal field analyses and Maxwell’s equations in the time domain solved by the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. We present a time-domain boundary condition based on the Klein–Gordon equation to split traveling waves at homogeneous waveguide ports. We employ the boundary condition to compute portal quantities and to devise an adjoint-field system that enabled an efficient computation of the objective function gradient. We solve design problems that include more than 105 000 design variables by using less than 400 solutions of Maxwell’s equations. Moreover, a new formulation that effectively combats the development of in-band resonances in the design is presented. The transition configuration allows the direct mount of conventional RWG sections on the circuit board and aims to cover the entire K-band. The guiding structure of the optimized transition requires blind vias, which is realized by a simple and cost-efficient technique. In addition, the transition is optimized for three different setups that can be used to provide different field polarizations. The proposed transitions show less than 1-dB insertion loss and around 15-dB return loss over the frequency interval 18–28 GHz. Several prototypes are fabricated with an excellent match between the simulation and measurement results.
27 citations
TL;DR: A broadband right-angle rectangular waveguide to substrate integrated waveguide transition for hybrid RWG-SIW feeding networks is presented in this paper, where a multi-section matching network consisting of a number of symmetric E-plane irises in the RF waveguide section is introduced.
Abstract: A broadband right-angle rectangular waveguide to substrate integrated waveguide transition for hybrid RWG-SIW (rectangular waveguide–substrate integrated waveguide) feeding networks is presented. The narrower return loss bandwidth issue with respect to in-line configurations is addressed with the introduction of a multi-section matching network consisting of a number of symmetric E-plane irises in the rectangular waveguide section. A hybrid design procedure based on circuit simulation and full-wave optimization is outlined and adopted to synthesize three matching networks with respectively one, two, and three irises, according to the bandwidth to be covered. The design procedure is experimentally validated with a proof-of-concept prototype.
8 citations
TL;DR: Two kinds of novel transitions with bandpass filtering function and a technique for broadening the impedance bandwidth of the antenna element are proposed and a subarray with the SIW feeding network is proposed focusing on the wideband characteristic.
Abstract: A wideband antenna subarray with a hybrid feeding network is proposed for phased-array applications. The subarray is a multilayer structure, where the top four-layer printed circuit board (PCB) is for antennas, middle two-layer metallic waveguides are for interconnections, and bottom eight-layer PCB is for the transition between the feeding network and active circuits. The middle metallic waveguides can not only improve the isolation between the antenna and active circuits but also serve as the heat dispersion structure of the active circuits and a low-loss power distribution network. Two kinds of novel transitions with bandpass filtering function and a technique for broadening the impedance bandwidth of the antenna element are proposed. Besides, a subarray with the SIW feeding network is proposed focusing on the wideband characteristic. The experimental results of the subarray prototypes show that the impedance bandwidths of 26.7%, 19%, and 51% are achieved. An array with 16 subarrays is fabricated and the beam-scanning characteristic is measured for validating the phased-array applications of the subarray. A phased-array system can be designed with such subarrays followed with transceivers and phase shifters. Combined with a low-accuracy mechanical tracking system, it can be efficiently used for the dynamic intersatellite communications.
2 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a wideband in-line substrate integrated waveguide-to-rectangular waveguide transition in K-band is proposed, where a 1:2 E-plane step is developed as a building block.
Abstract: A wideband in-line substrate integrated waveguide-to-rectangular waveguide transition in K-band is proposed. A novel 1:2 E-plane step is developed as a building block. The entire transition consists of the 1:2 E-plane step, a multilayer transition based on the 1:2 E-plane step, and a taper. Impedance matching is achieved by profiling the widths of the structure along the midline, which is different from the traditional configurations with height profiling. The proposed method provides good impedance matching in the transition with identical steps, and from the authors’ best knowledge, has not been presented yet. The method of width profiling and the features of identical steps in the stacked structure allow the fabrication of not only metal but also identical printed circuit board panels. As a trade-off, the cascaded network increases the length with reduced bandwidth potentially. For demonstration, a prototype is fabricated and tested. The measurement of the back-to-back configuration agrees with the simulation, revealing a measured return loss of 15 dB from 20.14 to 25.84 GHz.
References
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a CRLH leaky-wave antenna for antenna applications, which is realized by etching interdigital slots on the waveguide surface and the ground.
Abstract: Composite right/left-handed (CRLH) substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) and half mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) leaky-wave structures for antenna applications are proposed and investigated. Their propagation properties and radiation characteristics are studied extensively. Their backfire-to-endfire beam-steering capabilities through frequency scanning are demonstrated and discussed. These metamaterial radiating structures are realized by etching interdigital slots on the waveguide surface and the ground. The slot behaves as a series capacitor as well as a radiator leading to a CRLH leaky-wave application. Four antennas are fabricated, measured, and analyzed, including two balanced CRLH SIW designs characterized by single-side or double-side radiation, and two unbalanced HMSIW designs characterized by different boundary conditions. Antenna parameters such as return loss, radiation patterns, gain, and efficiency are all provided. Measured results are consistent with the simulation. All these proposed antennas possess the advantages of low profile, low cost, and low weight, while they are also showing their own unique features, like high directivity, quasi-omnidirectional radiation, miniaturized size, continuous beam-steering capabilities covering both the backward and forward quadrants, etc., providing much design flexibility for the real applications.
304 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a planar W-band monopulse antenna array based on the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology is designed, where the sum-difference comparator, 16-way divider and 32 × 32 slot array antenna are all integrated on a single dielectric substrate in the compact layout through the low-cost PCB process.
Abstract: A planar W-band monopulse antenna array is designed based on the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology The sum-difference comparator, 16-way divider and 32 × 32 slot array antenna are all integrated on a single dielectric substrate in the compact layout through the low-cost PCB process Such a substrate integrated monopulse array is able to operate over 93 ~ 96 GHz with narrow-beam and high-gain The maximal gain is measured to be 258 dBi, while the maximal null-depth is measured to be - 437 dB This SIW monopulse antenna not only has advantages of low-cost, light, easy-fabrication, etc, but also has good performance validated by measurements It presents an excellent candidate for W-band directional-finding systems
213 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the design and realization of a compact X-band single-transistor amplifier with substrate integrated waveguide (SIW)-based input and output matching networks is presented.
Abstract: Design and realization of a compact X-band single-transistor amplifier with substrate integrated waveguide (SIW)-based input and output matching networks is presented. The overall size of the proposed SIW amplifier is only 1.5lambdag at the center frequency. Using a calibration technique, we extract the S-parameters of the fabricated amplifier with reference to its SIW ports. Measurements show that the amplifier features 10 dB of power gain with less than 2 dB of ripple and more than 10 dB of input and output return losses on the SIW ports in the entire frequency band. Due to an appropriate modeling of the constituent blocks of the amplifier, a good agreement between the simulation and measurement results is observed.
77 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a compact and broad-band integrated transition between laminated waveguide in a multilayer low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) substrate and standard air-filled rectangular waveguide is presented.
Abstract: In this paper, a compact and broad-band integrated transition between laminated waveguide in a multilayer low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) substrate and standard air-filled rectangular waveguide is presented. A parallel inter-coupled two-pole filter equivalent circuit is employed to interpret the working mechanism of the transition and to predict the performance. A Ka-band prototype of the proposed broad-band transition is designed and fabricated in an LTCC substrate. The simulated and measured results of the prototyped transition show good agreement. It has been demonstrated, through the experimental results of the Ka-band prototype that the proposed transition configuration gives an effective bandwidth of over 8% with -15-dB return loss and average -0.4-dB insertion loss over the bandwidth at the Ka frequency band.
71 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a new substrate-integrated waveguide to air-filled rectangular waveguide (WR-10) transition for use at millimetre-wave frequencies is proposed.
Abstract: Proposed is a new substrate-integrated waveguide to air-filled rectangular waveguide (WR-10) transition for use at millimetre-wave frequencies. The transition combines the features of low return loss and low insertion loss over the 42 GHz bandwidth and it can be manufactured without a high degree of complexity. A 75-115 GHz band prototype of the proposed broadband transition is designed and fabricated. Simulated and measured results of the prototyped back-to-back transition show good agreement.
56 citations