Bromine speciation in volcanic plumes: new in situ derivatization LC-MS method for the determination of gaseous hydrogen bromide by gas diffusion denuder sampling
Alexandra Gutmann,Alexandra Gutmann,Nicole Bobrowski,Nicole Bobrowski,Marcello Liotta,Thorsten Hoffmann +5 more
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In this paper, a denuder sampling setup was applied in the plume of Masaya (Nicaragua) in 2016 to quantify gaseous hydrogen bromide (HBr) concentrations in the range between 0.44 and 1.97 ppb.Abstract:
. The chemical characterization of volcanic gas emissions
gives insights into the interior of volcanoes. Bromine species have been
correlated with changes in the activity of a volcano. In order to exploit
the volcanic bromine gases, we need to understand what happens to them after
they are outgassed into the atmosphere. This study aims to shed light on the conversion of bromospecies after
degassing. The method presented here allows for the specific analysis of gaseous
hydrogen bromide (HBr) in volcanic environments. HBr is immobilized by
reaction with 5,6-epoxy-5,6-dihydro-[1,10]-phenanthroline (EP), which acts
as an inner coating inside of diffusion denuder tubes (in situ derivatization). The
derivative is analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to
electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS). The collection efficiency for HBr (99.5 %), the collection efficiency for HBr
alongside HCl (98.1 %), and the relative standard deviation of comparable
samples (8 %) have been investigated. The comparison of the new
denuder-based method and Raschig tubes as alkaline traps resulted on average
in a relative bias between both methods of 10 ± 6 %. The denuder sampling setup was applied in the plume of Masaya (Nicaragua) in
2016. HBr concentrations in the range between 0.44 and 1.97 ppb were
measured with limits of detection and quantification below 0.1 and 0.3 ppb
respectively. The relative contribution of HBr as a fraction of total
bromine decreased from 75 ± 11 % at the Santiago crater (214 m distance
to the volcanic emission source) to 36 ± 8 % on the Nindiri rim (740 m
distance). A comparison between our data and the previously calculated HBr, based on
the CAABA/MECCA box model, showed a slightly higher trend for the HBr
fraction on average than expected from the model. Data gained from this new
method can further refine model runs in the future.read more
Citations
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Systematic investigation of bromine monoxide in volcanic plumes from space by using the GOME-2 instrument
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors systematically examined GOME-2 observations from January 2007 until June 2011 for significantly enhanced BrO slant column densities (SCDs) in the vicinity of volcanic plumes.
Journal ArticleDOI
A multi-purpose, multi-rotor drone system for long-range and high-altitude volcanic gas plume measurements
Bo Galle,Santiago Arellano,Nicole Bobrowski,Nicole Bobrowski,Vladimir Conde,Tobias Fischer,Gustav Gerdes,Alexandra Gutmann,Thorsten Hoffmann,Ima Itikarai,Tomas Krejci,Emma J. Liu,Emma J. Liu,Kila Mulina,Scott Nowicki,Thomas Richardson,Julian Rüdiger,Kieran Wood,Jiazhi Xu +18 more
TL;DR: In this article, a multi-rotor drone has been adapted for studies of volcanic gas plumes, which includes improved capacity for high-altitude and long-range, real-time SO2 concentration monitoring, longrange manual control, remotely activated bag sampling and plume speed measurement capabilities.
Development and application of a sampling method for the determination of reactive halogen species in volcanic gas emissions
Julian Rüdiger,Nicole Bobrowski,Nicole Bobrowski,Nicole Bobrowski,Marcello Liotta,Thorsten Hoffmann +5 more
TL;DR: This finding is in an agreement with previous model studies, which imply values <44% for plume ages <1 min, which is consistent with the assumed plume age at the sampling sites.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Analysis of Extreme Values
Journal ArticleDOI
Quantitative Correlation of Relative Rates. Comparison of Hydroxide Ion with Other Nucleophilic Reagents toward Alkyl Halides, Esters, Epoxides and Acyl Halides1
Journal ArticleDOI
The annual volcanic gas input into the atmosphere, in particular into the stratosphere: a global data set for the past 100 years
TL;DR: In this article, a global data set of volcanic degassing during both explosive and quiescent volcanic events was compiled, which includes 50 monitored volcanoes and ∼310 extrapolated explosively erupting volcanoes over the past 100 years.
Journal ArticleDOI
Study of inlet materials for sampling atmospheric nitric acid
TL;DR: In this article, the adsorption of HNO3 from a flowing gas stream is studied for a variety of wall materials to determine their suitability for use in atmospheric sampling instruments, and it is shown that less than 5% of available HNO 3 is adsorbed on Teflon fluoropolymer tubing after 1 min of exposure, whereas >70% is lost on walls made of stainless steel, glass, fused silica, aluminum, nylon, silica-steel, and silane-coated glass.
Journal ArticleDOI
Volcanic sources of tropospheric ozone‐depleting trace gases
TL;DR: The detection of BrO and ClO in volcanic plumes is potentially important evidence of halogen-catalyzed tropospheric ozone destruction and suggests that volcanoes either directly emit BrO or emit bromine species that are rapidly converted to reactive bromines.
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