Buildup of ultrathin multilayer films by a self-assembly process: III. Consecutively alternating adsorption of anionic and cationic polyelectrolytes on charged surfaces
TL;DR: In this article, a solid substrate with a positively charged planar surface is immersed in a solution containing an anionic polyelectrolyte and a monolayer of the polyanion is adsorbed.
About: This article is published in Thin Solid Films.The article was published on 1992-04-30. It has received 2610 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Polyelectrolyte & Monolayer.
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TL;DR: In this article, a general approach for multilayers by consecutive adsorption of polyanions and polycations has been proposed and has been extended to other materials such as proteins or colloids.
Abstract: Multilayer films of organic compounds on solid surfaces have been studied for more than 60 years because they allow fabrication of multicomposite molecular assemblies of tailored architecture. However, both the Langmuir-Blodgett technique and chemisorption from solution can be used only with certain classes of molecules. An alternative approach—fabrication of multilayers by consecutive adsorption of polyanions and polycations—is far more general and has been extended to other materials such as proteins or colloids. Because polymers are typically flexible molecules, the resulting superlattice architectures are somewhat fuzzy structures, but the absence of crystallinity in these films is expected to be beneficial for many potential applications.
9,593 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a systematic review of current research on biomedical applications of layer-by-layer assembly is presented, where the structure and bioactivity of biomolecules in thin films fabricated by layer by layer assembly are introduced.
Abstract: The design of advanced, nanostructured materials at the molecular level is of tremendous interest for the scientific and engineering communities because of the broad application of these materials in the biomedical field. Among the available techniques, the layer-by-layer assembly method introduced by Decher and co-workers in 1992 has attracted extensive attention because it possesses extraordinary advantages for biomedical applications: ease of preparation, versatility, capability of incorporating high loadings of different types of biomolecules in the films, fine control over the materials’ structure, and robustness of the products under ambient and physiological conditions. In this context, a systematic review of current research on biomedical applications of layer-by-layer assembly is presented. The structure and bioactivity of biomolecules in thin films fabricated by layer-by-layer assembly are introduced. The applications of layer-bylayer assembly in biomimetics, biosensors, drug delivery, protein and cell adhesion, mediation of cellular functions, and implantable materials are addressed. Future developments in the field of biomedical applications of layer-by-layer assembly are also discussed.
1,248 citations
TL;DR: The current technologies for multilayer thin-film deposition using layer-by-layer assembly are reviewed, and the different properties and applications arising from the technologies are discussed.
Abstract: Multilayer thin films have garnered intense scientific interest due to their potential application in diverse fields such as catalysis, optics, energy, membranes, and biomedicine Here we review the current technologies for multilayer thin-film deposition using layer-by-layer assembly, and we discuss the different properties and applications arising from the technologies We highlight five distinct routes of assembly—immersive, spin, spray, electromagnetic, and fluidic assembly—each of which offers material and processing advantages for assembling layer-by-layer films Each technology encompasses numerous innovations for automating and improving layering, which is important for research and industrial applications Furthermore, we discuss how judicious choice of the assembly technology enables the engineering of thin films with tailor-made physicochemical properties, such as distinct-layer stratification, controlled roughness, and highly ordered packing
1,235 citations
TL;DR: Chemistries that Facilitate Nanotechnology Kim E. Sapsford,† W. Russ Algar, Lorenzo Berti, Kelly Boeneman Gemmill,‡ Brendan J. Casey,† Eunkeu Oh, Michael H. Stewart, and Igor L. Medintz .
Abstract: Chemistries that Facilitate Nanotechnology Kim E. Sapsford,† W. Russ Algar, Lorenzo Berti, Kelly Boeneman Gemmill,‡ Brendan J. Casey,† Eunkeu Oh, Michael H. Stewart, and Igor L. Medintz*,‡ †Division of Biology, Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States ‡Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering Code 6900 and Division of Optical Sciences Code 5611, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States College of Science, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, United States Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California 95817, United States Sotera Defense Solutions, Crofton, Maryland 21114, United States
1,169 citations
TL;DR: In this review, several examples from physicochemical investigations regarding the basics of this method to advanced research aimed at practical applications are introduced and should stimulate many physical chemists and chemical physicists in the further development of LbL assembly.
Abstract: The layer-by-layer (LbL) adsorption technique offers an easy and inexpensive process for multilayer formation and allows a variety of materials to be incorporated within the film structures. Therefore, the LbL assembly method can be regarded as a versatile bottom-up nanofabrication technique. Research fields concerned with LbL assembly have developed rapidly but some important physicochemical aspects remain uninvestigated. In this review, we will introduce several examples from physicochemical investigations regarding the basics of this method to advanced research aimed at practical applications. These are selected mostly from recent reports and should stimulate many physical chemists and chemical physicists in the further development of LbL assembly. In order to further understand the mechanism of the LbL assembly process, theoretical work, including thermodynamics calculations, has been conducted. Additionally, the use of molecular dynamics simulation has been proposed. Recently, many kinds of physicochemical molecular interactions, including hydrogen bonding, charge transfer interactions, and stereo-complex formation, have been used. The combination of the LbL method with other fabrication techniques such as spin-coating, spraying, and photolithography has also been extensively researched. These improvements have enabled preparation of LbL films composed of various materials contained in well-designed nanostructures. The resulting structures can be used to investigate basic physicochemical phenomena where relative distances between interacting groups is of great importance. Similarly, LbL structures prepared by such advanced techniques are used widely for development of functional systems for physical applications from photovoltaic devices and field effect transistors to biochemical applications including nano-sized reactors and drug delivery systems.
1,153 citations
References
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439 citations
TL;DR: In this article, multilayer films of zirconium 1,10-decanediylbis(phosphonate) have been prepared on silicon and gold substrates and characterized by ellipsometry, XPS, and electrochemical measurements.
Abstract: Multilayer films of zirconium 1,10-decanediylbis(phosphonate) have been prepared on silicon and gold substrates and characterized by ellipsometry, XPS, and electrochemical measurements. The deposition technique requires first covalent attachment or adsorption of a phosphonic acid anchoring agent; HO(CH/sub 3/)/sub 2/Si(CH/sub 2/)/sub 3/PO/sub 3/H/sub 2/ (I) and (-S(CH/sub 2/)/sub 4/PO/sub 3/H/sub 2/)/sub 2/ (II) were used with Si and Au, respectively. The functionalized substrates are exposed alternately to aqueous ZrOCl/sub 2/ and 1,10-decanediylbis(phosphonic acid) solutions to yield multilayer films. Ellipsometry shows an increase in film thickness, on Si, of 17 A/layer, which corresponds to the layer spacing in bulk Zr(O/sub 3/PC/sub 10/H/sub 20/PO/sub 3/). Variable take-off angle X-ray photoelectron spectra from four-layer films have attenuated Si peaks but strong Zr and P peaks when the detector is 70/sup 0/ off the surface normal, implying that the films on Si are continuous. Electrochemical comparison of bare and functionalized Au shows facile electron transfer between Au or Au-II electrodes and 1 mM aqueous Fe(CN)/sub 6//sup 3 -/ but nearly complete blocking of electron transfer at Au-II electrodes immersed once each in ZrOCl/sub 2/ and 1,10-decanediylbis(phosphonic acid) solutions.
302 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a quantite de poly(acide acrylique) adsorbee sur des latex de polystyrene comportant en surface des groupes ammonium quaternaire est faible a pH eleve, augmente quand le pH diminue and passe par un maximum.
Abstract: La quantite de poly(acide acrylique) adsorbee sur des latex de polystyrene comportant en surface des groupes ammonium quaternaire est faible a pH eleve, augmente quand le pH diminue et passe par un maximum ) un pH inferieur d'une unite au pko des groupes carboxyliques du polymere La force ionique de la solution a tres peu d'effet Les resultats sont en tres bon accord avec les predictions d'un modele propose par les auteurs pour l'adsorption des polyelectrolytes
185 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) and small angle neutron scattering (SAS) were used to determine the adsorbed amounts of polystyrene latex particles.
102 citations