Burnout and Satisfaction With Work-Life Balance Among US Physicians Relative to the General US Population
TL;DR: Burnout is more common among physicians than among other US workers, and Physicians in specialties at the front line of care access seem to be at greatest risk.
Abstract: Methods: We conducted a national study of burnout in a large sample of US physicians from all specialty disciplines using the American Medical Association Physician Masterfile and surveyed a probability-based sample of the general US population for comparison. Burnout was measured using validated instruments. Satisfaction with work-life balance was explored. Results: Of 27276 physicians who received an invitation to participate, 7288 (26.7%) completed surveys. When assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory, 45.8%ofphysiciansreportedatleast1symptomofburnout. Substantial differences in burnout were observed by specialty, with the highest rates among physicians at the front line of care access (family medicine, general internalmedicine,andemergencymedicine).Comparedwith a probability-based sample of 3442 working US adults, physicians were more likely to have symptoms of burnout (37.9% vs 27.8%) and to be dissatisfied with worklife balance (40.2% vs 23.2%) (P.001 for both). Highest level of education completed also related to burnout in a pooled multivariate analysis adjusted for age, sex, relationship status, and hours worked per week. Comparedwithhighschoolgraduates,individualswithanMD or DO degree were at increased risk for burnout (odds ratio [OR], 1.36; P.001), whereas individuals with a bachelor’sdegree(OR,0.80;P=.048),master’sdegree(OR, 0.71;P=.01),orprofessionalordoctoraldegreeotherthan an MD or DO degree (OR, 0.64; P=.04) were at lower risk for burnout. Conclusions: Burnout is more common among physicians than among other US workers. Physicians in specialties at the front line of care access seem to be at greatest risk.
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TL;DR: It is recommended that the Triple Aim be expanded to a Quadruple Aim, adding the goal of improving the work life of health care providers, including clinicians and staff.
Abstract: The Triple Aim—enhancing patient experience, improving population health, and reducing costs—is widely accepted as a compass to optimize health system per- formance. Yet physicians and other members of the health care workforce report widespread burnout and dissatisfaction. Burnout is associated with lower patient satisfaction, reduced health outcomes, and it may increase costs. Burnout thus imperils the Triple Aim. This article recommends that the Triple Aim be expanded to a Quadruple Aim, adding the goal of improving the work life of health care providers, including clinicians and staff.
2,260 citations
01 Dec 2015
TL;DR: Burnout and satisfaction with work-life balance in US physicians worsened from 2011 to 2014, resulting in an increasing disparity in burn out and satisfaction in physicians relative to the general US working population.
Abstract: Objective To evaluate the prevalence of burnout and satisfaction with work-life balance in physicians and US workers in 2014 relative to 2011. Patients and Methods From August 28, 2014, to October 6, 2014, we surveyed both US physicians and a probability-based sample of the general US population using the methods and measures used in our 2011 study. Burnout was measured using validated metrics, and satisfaction with work-life balance was assessed using standard tools. Results Of the 35,922 physicians who received an invitation to participate, 6880 (19.2%) completed surveys. When assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory, 54.4% (n=3680) of the physicians reported at least 1 symptom of burnout in 2014 compared with 45.5% (n=3310) in 2011 ( P P P P Conclusion Burnout and satisfaction with work-life balance in US physicians worsened from 2011 to 2014. More than half of US physicians are now experiencing professional burnout.
2,150 citations
Cites background or methods or result from "Burnout and Satisfaction With Work-..."
...PATIENTS AND METHODS The 2014 survey used methods similar to those of the 2011 study.(1) At both time points, we assessed a range of personal and professional characteristics as well as personal wellbeing in several dimensions (described below)....
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...Burnout was more common among physicians than among the general US working population, a finding that persisted after adjusting for age, sex, hours worked, and level of education.(1) The landscape of medicine continues to rapidly evolve....
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...Physicians spend more than a decade in postsecondary education, work substantially more hours than most US workers in other fields, and often struggle to effectively integrate their personal and professional lives.(1) They engage in highly technical and intellectually demanding work that often requires complex, high-stakes decision making despite substantial uncertainty....
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...This approach has also been used in previous large-scale national studies of US physicians collectively enrolling more than 20,000 physicians.(1,32)...
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...professional burnout and dissatisfaction with work-life integration.(1,7) Burnout is a syndrome of emotional exhaustion, loss of meaning in work, feelings of ineffectiveness, and a tendency to view people as objects rather than as human beings....
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TL;DR: Training appears to be the peak time for distress among physicians, but differences in the prevalence of burnout, depressive symptoms, and recent suicidal ideation are relatively small.
Abstract: PurposeTo compare the prevalence of burnout and other forms of distress across career stages and the experiences of trainees and early career (EC) physicians versus those of similarly aged college graduates pursuing other careers.MethodIn 2011 and 2012, the authors conducted a national survey of med
1,376 citations
TL;DR: The literature indicates that both individual-focused and structural or organisational strategies can result in clinically meaningful reductions in burnout among physicians, and further research is needed to establish which interventions are most effective in specific populations.
1,362 citations
TL;DR: All stakeholders in healthcare delivery must work together to develop and implement effective remedies for physician burnout, and organizational efforts such as locally developed practice modifications and increased support for clinical work have demonstrated benefits in reducing burnout.
Abstract: Physician burnout, a work-related syndrome involving emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and a sense of reduced personal accomplishment, is prevalent internationally. Rates of burnout symptoms that have been associated with adverse effects on patients, the healthcare workforce, costs and physician health exceed 50% in studies of both physicians-in-training and practicing physicians. This problem represents a public health crisis with negative impacts on individual physicians, patients and healthcare organizations and systems. Drivers of this epidemic are largely rooted within healthcare organizations and systems and include excessive workloads, inefficient work processes, clerical burdens, work-home conflicts, lack of input or control for physicians with respect to issues affecting their work lives, organizational support structures and leadership culture. Individual physician-level factors also play a role, with higher rates of burnout commonly reported in female and younger physicians. Effective solutions align with these drivers. For example, organizational efforts such as locally developed practice modifications and increased support for clinical work have demonstrated benefits in reducing burnout. Individually focused solutions such as mindfulness-based stress reduction and small-group programmes to promote community, connectedness and meaning have also been shown to be effective. Regardless of the specific approach taken, the problem of physician burnout is best addressed when viewed as a shared responsibility of both healthcare systems and individual physicians. Although our understanding of physician burnout has advanced considerably in recent years, many gaps in our knowledge remain. Longitudinal studies of burnout's effects and the impact of interventions on both burnout and its effects are needed, as are studies of effective solutions implemented in combination. For medicine to fulfil its mission for patients and for public health, all stakeholders in healthcare delivery must work together to develop and implement effective remedies for physician burnout.
1,255 citations
Additional excerpts
...…children 1.74 (1.45–2.09) 0.63 (0.52–0.76) NR West et al., 2011 [33] US internal medicine residents 1.31 (1.20–1.42) 1.10 (1.00–1.21) 1.22 (1.12–1.33) Shanafelt et al., 2012 [105] US surgeons NR NR 1.41 (1.17–1.71) Wang et al., 2014 [112] Chinese physicians in Shanghai NR NR 1.09…...
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References
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01 Jan 1996
TL;DR: The full version of this book in pdf and epub formats can be found in this paper. But they do not store the book itself, but they give link to the site where you can download or read online.
Abstract: If you are looking for a book Maslach burnout inventory manual bwrbslk in pdf format then you've come to the right website. We presented the full version of this book in pdf and epub formats. You can read online Maslach burnout inventory manual bwrbslk or download to your computer. In addition to this book, on our site you can read the instructions and other art books online, or download them as well. We want to draw your attention that our site does not store the book itself, but we give link to the site where you can download or read online. So if you need to download Maslach burnout inventory manual bwrbslk then you've come to the right website. We will be happy if you come back to us again.
4,986 citations
TL;DR: This meta-analysis examined how demand and resource correlates and behavioral and attitudinal correlates were related to each of the 3 dimensions of job burnout, finding that emotional exhaustion was more strongly related to the demand correlates than to the resource correlates.
Abstract: This meta-analysis examined how demand and resource correlates and behavioral and attitudinal correlates were related to each of the 3 dimensions of job burnout. Both the demand and resource correlates were more strongly related to emotional exhaustion than to either depersonalization or personal accomplishment. Consistent with the conservation of resources theory of stress, emotional exhaustion was more strongly related to the demand correlates than to the resource correlates, suggesting that workers might have been sensitive to the possibility of resource loss. The 3 burnout dimensions were differentially related to turnover intentions, organizational commitment, and control coping. Implications for research and the amelioration of burnout are discussed.
3,036 citations
TL;DR: Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders appears to be a useful tool for identifying mental disorders in primary care practice and research.
Abstract: Objective. —To assess the validity and utility of PRIME-MD (Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders), a new rapid procedure for diagnosing mental disorders by primary care physicians. Design. —Survey; criterion standard. Setting. —Four primary care clinics. Subjects. —A total of 1000 adult patients (369 selected by convenience and 631 selected by site-specific methods to avoid sampling bias) assessed by 31 primary care physicians. Main Outcome Measures. —PRIME-MD diagnoses, independent diagnoses made by mental health professionals, functional status measures (Short-Form General Health Survey), disability days, health care utilization, and treatment/ referral decisions. Results. —Twenty-six percent of the patients had a PRIME-MD diagnosis that met full criteria for a specific disorder according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Revised Third Edition . The average time required of the primary care physician to complete the PRIME-MD evaluation was 8.4 minutes. There was good agreement between PRIME-MD diagnoses and those of independent mental health professionals (for the diagnosis of any PRIME-MD disorder, κ=0.71; overall accuracy rate=88%). Patients with PRIME-MD diagnoses had lower functioning, more disability days, and higher rates of health care utilization than did patients without PRIME-MD diagnoses (for all measures, P Conclusion. —PRIME-MD appears to be a useful tool for identifying mental disorders in primary care practice and research. ( JAMA . 1994;272:1749-1756)
2,717 citations
TL;DR: All significant risk factors were more strongly related to ideation than to progression from ideation to a plan or an attempt, and prevention efforts should focus on planned attempts because of the rapid onset and unpredictability of unplanned attempts.
Abstract: Background General population survey data are presented on the lifetime prevalence of suicide attempts as well as transition probabilities to onset of ideation, plans among ideators, and attempts among ideators either with or without a plan. Risk factors for these transitions are also studied. Methods Data are from part II of the National Comorbidity Survey, a nationally representative survey carried out from 1990 to 1992 in a sample of 5877 respondents aged 15 to 54 years to study prevalences and correlates of DSM-III-R disorders. Transitions are estimated using life-table analysis. Risk factors are examined using survival analysis. Results Of the respondents, 13.5% reported lifetime ideation, 3.9% a plan, and 4.6% an attempt. Cumulative probabilities were 34% for the transition from ideation to a plan, 72% from a plan to an attempt, and 26% from ideation to an unplanned attempt. About 90% of unplanned and 60% of planned first attempts occurred within 1 year of the onset of ideation. All significant risk factors (female, previously married, age less than 25 years, in a recent cohort, poorly educated, and having 1 or more of the DSM-III-R disorders assessed in the survey) were more strongly related to ideation than to progression from ideation to a plan or an attempt. Conclusions Prevention efforts should focus on planned attempts because of the rapid onset and unpredictability of unplanned attempts. More research is needed on the determinants of unplanned attempts.
2,402 citations
TL;DR: Although several mail survey techniques are associated with higher response rates, response rates to published mail surveys tend to be moderate, and investigators, journal editors, and readers should devote more attention to assessments of bias, and less to specific response rate thresholds.
2,154 citations
"Burnout and Satisfaction With Work-..." refers background in this paper
...Hours worked per week Median (IQR) 50 (40-60) ....
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