Bus stop-skipping scheme with random travel time
TL;DR: In this paper, a genetic algorithm incorporating Monte Carlo simulation is proposed to solve the problem of deadheading in a special case of the stop-skipping problem, allowing a bus vehicle to skip stops between the dispatching terminal point and a designated stop.
Abstract: When a bus is late and behind schedule, the stop-skipping scheme allows the bus vehicle to skip one or more stops to reduce its travel time. The deadheading problem is a special case of the stop-skipping problem, allowing a bus vehicle to skip stops between the dispatching terminal point and a designated stop. At the planning level, the optimal operating plans for these two schemes should be tackled for the benefits of bus operator as well as passengers. This paper aims to propose a methodology for this objective. Thus, three objectives are first proposed to reflect the benefits of bus operator and/or passengers, including minimizing the total waiting time, total in-vehicle travel time and total operating cost. Then, assuming random bus travel time, the stop-skipping is formulated as an optimization model minimizing the weighted sum of the three objectives. The deadheading problem can be formulated via the same minimization model further adding several new constraints. Then, a Genetic Algorithm Incorporating Monte Carlo Simulation is proposed to solve the optimization model. As validated by a numerical example, the proposed algorithm can obtain a satisfactory solution close to the global optimum.
Citations
More filters
TL;DR: The COVID-19 pandemic crisis has greatly impacted public transport ridership and service provision across the world as discussed by the authors, and as many countries start to navigate their return to normality, new public transp...
261 citations
TL;DR: An end-to-end deep learning architecture, termed as Deep Passenger Flow (DeepPF), to forecast the metro inbound/outbound passenger flow, which achieves a high prediction accuracy due to the ease of integrating multi-source data.
Abstract: This study aims to combine the modeling skills of deep learning and the domain knowledge in transportation into prediction of metro passenger flow. We present an end-to-end deep learning architecture, termed as Deep Passenger Flow (DeepPF), to forecast the metro inbound/outbound passenger flow. The architecture of the model is highly flexible and extendable; thus, enabling the integration and modeling of external environmental factors, temporal dependencies, spatial characteristics, and metro operational properties in short-term metro passenger flow prediction. Furthermore, the proposed framework achieves a high prediction accuracy due to the ease of integrating multi-source data. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed DeepPF model can be extended to general conditions to fit the diverse constraints that exist in the transportation domain.
229 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a quasi first-depart-first-hold (FDFH) rule is applied to the design of schedule-and headway-based holding control allowing for overtaking, with the objective to minimise the deviation from the targeted headway.
Abstract: Headway fluctuation and bus bunching are commonly observed in transit operations, while holding control is a proven strategy to reduce bus bunching and improve service reliability. A transit operator would benefit from an accurate forecast of bus propagation in order to effectively control the system. To this end, we propose an ‘ad-hoc’ bus propagation model taking into account vehicle overtaking and distributed passenger boarding (DPB) behaviour. The latter represents the dynamic passenger queue swapping among buses when bunching at bus stops occurs and where bus capacity constraints are explicitly considered. The enhanced bus propagation model is used to build the simulation environment where different holding control strategies are tested. A quasi first-depart-first-hold (FDFH) rule is applied to the design of schedule- and headway-based holding control allowing for overtaking, with the objective to minimise the deviation from the targeted headway. The effects of control strategies are tested in an idealised bus route under different operational setting and in a real bus route in Guangzhou. We show that when the combined overtaking and queue-swapping behaviour are considered, the control strategies can achieve better headway regularity, less waiting time and less on-board travel time than their respective versions without overtaking and DPB. The benefit is even greater when travel time variability is higher and headway is smaller, suggesting that the control strategies are preferably deployed in high-frequency service.
135 citations
Cites background from "Bus stop-skipping scheme with rando..."
...A map of Bus Route Number 256 Following Liu et al. (2013) and Chen et al. (2015), we assume that passengers boarding at a designated stop will evenly alight at the remaining stops, thereafter the average alighting rate at each stop an be obtained from the boarding rate....
[...]
TL;DR: A hybrid artificial bee colony (ABC) and Monte Carlo method is developed to solve the optimal stopping strategy of limited-stop bus service, which allows each bus vehicle to skip some stops.
Abstract: This paper develops a mathematical model for the optimal stopping design of limited-stop bus service, which allows each bus vehicle to skip some stops. To better reflect the reality, this paper considers the vehicle capacity and stochastic travel time. Also, vehicles are all allowed to skip stops whereas any stop is not allowed to be skipped by two consecutive vehicles. A hybrid artificial bee colony (ABC) and Monte Carlo method is developed to solve the optimal stopping strategy. Finally, the model and solution method are validated by a numerical example, and a sensitivity analysis is performed on the passenger demand.
119 citations
TL;DR: This paper presents a comprehensive review on AVL-based evaluation techniques of the schedule plan (SP) reliability, discussing the existing metrics and presents a brief review on improving the network definition based on historical location-based data.
Abstract: Intelligent transportation systems based on automated data collection frameworks are widely used by the major transit companies around the globe. This paper describes the current state of the art on improving both planning and control on public road transportation companies using automatic vehicle location (AVL) data. By surveying this topic, the expectation is to help develop a better understanding of the nature, approaches, challenges, and opportunities with regard to these problems. This paper starts by presenting a brief review on improving the network definition based on historical location-based data. Second, it presents a comprehensive review on AVL-based evaluation techniques of the schedule plan (SP) reliability, discussing the existing metrics. Then, the different dimensions on improving the SP reliability are presented in detail, as well as the works addressing such problem. Finally, the automatic control strategies are also revised, along with the research employed over the location-based data. A comprehensive discussion on the techniques employed is provided to encourage those who are starting research on this topic. It is important to highlight that there are still gaps in AVL-based literature, such as the following: 1) long-term travel time prediction; 2) finding optimal slack time; or 3) choosing the best control strategy to apply in each situation in the event of schedule instability. Hence, this paper includes introductory model formulations, reference surveys, formal definitions, and an overview of a promising area, which is of interest to any researcher, regardless of the level of expertise.
101 citations
Cites background from "Bus stop-skipping scheme with rando..."
...initial number of passengers running on the vehicle [131]....
[...]
References
More filters
Book•
01 Sep 1988
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the computer techniques, mathematical tools, and research results that will enable both students and practitioners to apply genetic algorithms to problems in many fields, including computer programming and mathematics.
Abstract: From the Publisher:
This book brings together - in an informal and tutorial fashion - the computer techniques, mathematical tools, and research results that will enable both students and practitioners to apply genetic algorithms to problems in many fields
Major concepts are illustrated with running examples, and major algorithms are illustrated by Pascal computer programs No prior knowledge of GAs or genetics is assumed, and only a minimum of computer programming and mathematics background is required
52,797 citations
01 Jan 1989
TL;DR: This book brings together the computer techniques, mathematical tools, and research results that will enable both students and practitioners to apply genetic algorithms to problems in many fields.
Abstract: From the Publisher:
This book brings together - in an informal and tutorial fashion - the computer techniques, mathematical tools, and research results that will enable both students and practitioners to apply genetic algorithms to problems in many fields.
Major concepts are illustrated with running examples, and major algorithms are illustrated by Pascal computer programs. No prior knowledge of GAs or genetics is assumed, and only a minimum of computer programming and mathematics background is required.
33,034 citations
TL;DR: Using data from 256 US transit systems over a five-year period, the results indicate that efficiency and effectiveness are positively related and imply that the magnitude of scale economies depends on the output specification.
267 citations
"Bus stop-skipping scheme with rando..." refers background in this paper
...Transit system, especially the urban bus system, is of considerable significance for the sustainable development of transport systems and also the robust operation of the entire society (Karlaftis, 2004; Kepaptsoglou and Karlaftis, 2009; Estrada et al., 2011; Mesbah et al., 2011; Yan et al., 2013)....
[...]
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors systematically present and review research on the transit route network design problem (TRNDP) based on the three distinctive parts of the TRNDP setup: design objectives, operating environment parameters and solution approach.
Abstract: Efficient design of public transportation networks has attracted much interest in the transport literature and practice, with many models and approaches for formulating the associated transit route network design problem (TRNDP) having been developed. The present paper systematically presents and reviews research on the TRNDP based on the three distinctive parts of the TRNDP setup: design objectives, operating environment parameters and solution approach.
252 citations
"Bus stop-skipping scheme with rando..." refers background in this paper
...Transit system, especially the urban bus system, is of considerable significance for the sustainable development of transport systems and also the robust operation of the entire society (Karlaftis, 2004; Kepaptsoglou and Karlaftis, 2009; Estrada et al., 2011; Mesbah et al., 2011; Yan et al., 2013)....
[...]
TL;DR: In this paper, a new transit operating strategy is presented in which service vehicles operate in pairs with the lead vehicle providing an all-stop local service and the following vehicle being allowed to skip some stops as an express service.
Abstract: A new transit operating strategy is presented in which service vehicles operate in pairs with the lead vehicle providing an all-stop local service and the following vehicle being allowed to skip some stops as an express service. The underlying scheduling problem is formulated as a nonlinear integer programming problem with the objective of minimizing the total costs for both operators and passengers. A sensitivity analysis using a real-life example is performed to identify the conditions under which the proposed operating strategy is most advantageous.
180 citations
"Bus stop-skipping scheme with rando..." refers background in this paper
...This strategy could reduce both passengers’ waiting time at the stop beyond skipped ones, and the headway irregularity Fu et al. (2003)....
[...]
...Fu et al. (2003) argued that if a vehicle was going to skip stations, then the next bus had to serve the entire route, which simplified the problem and provided a minimum level of service for passengers waiting at skipped stations....
[...]