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But They All Come Back: Facing the Challenges of Prisoner Reentry

12 Apr 2005-
TL;DR: Travis as mentioned in this paper proposes organizing the criminal justice system around five principles of reentry to encourage change and spur innovation, and argues that the impact of returning prisoners on families and communities has been largely overlooked.
Abstract: As our justice system has embarked upon one of our time's greatest social experiments?responding to crime by expanding prisons?we have forgotten the iron law of imprisonment: they all come back. In 2002, more than 630,000 individuals left federal and state prisons. Thirty years ago, only 150,000 did. In the intense political debate over America's punishment policies, the impact of these returning prisoners on families and communities has been largely overlooked. In But They All Come Back, Jeremy Travis continues his pioneering work on the new realities of punishment in America vis-a-vis public safety, families and children, work, housing, public health, civic identity, and community capacity. Travis proposes organizing the criminal justice system around five principles of reentry to encourage change and spur innovation.
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01 Jan 2012

6 citations

01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: Using the National Comorbidity Survey Replication, this paper examined the relationship after statistically adjusting for these powerful and multidimensional selection processes and revealed a positive association between incarceration and both current and lifetime psychiatric disorders, while helping to unpack its underpinnings.
Abstract: Although psychiatric disorders are common among current and former inmates, a putative causal relationship is contaminated by assorted influences, including childhood disadvantage, the early onset of most disorders, and the criminalization of substance use, which is itself comorbid with a variety of other subsequent psychiatric disorders. Using the National Comorbidity Survey Replication, this study examines the relationship after statistically adjusting for these powerful and multidimensional selection processes. The analysis reveals a positive association between incarceration and both current and lifetime psychiatric disorders, while helping to unpack its underpinnings. Results indicate that (i) some of the most common disorders found among former inmates emerge in childhood and adolescence; (ii) the effects of incarceration dissipate somewhat over time, having a smaller impact on current disorders than lifetime disorders; and (iii) substance disorders anticipate both other psychiatric disorders and incarceration. Yet the results also reveal robust incarceration effects on certain disorders, which are no less consequential for being specific. In particular, incarceration has a robust relationship with subsequent mood disorders, related to feeling “down”, including major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and dysthymia. These disorders, in turn, are strongly related to social and economic disability. Indeed, mood disorders explain much of the additional social disability former inmates experience following release. For those concerned with prisoner reintegration, mood disorders may be an important—and generally neglected—consideration.

6 citations


Cites background from "But They All Come Back: Facing the ..."

  • ...Certainly an implicit theme of the reintegration literature is the difficulties former inmates experience in trying to cope with their incarceration while simultaneously reassuming and renewing social roles (Travis 2005), which aligns the literature with some research on psychiatric disability....

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05 May 2006
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a continuum of housing options for persons with mental illness who have had contact with the criminal justice system and explore the common characteristics and elements among housing models.
Abstract: This report discusses housing options for persons with mental illness who have had contact with the criminal justice system. While several housing models exist to serve this population, there is little evaluation research from which to draw conclusions about what works. To create a foundation from which to examine promising practices, the report presents a continuum of housing options and explores the common characteristics and elements among housing models. It also discusses the variety of reentry points after individual contact with the justice system and reflects on how the type of reentry may influence opportunities for and success in housing.

6 citations


Cites background from "But They All Come Back: Facing the ..."

  • ...Furthermore, other research indicates that persons with mental illness—and in general most individuals— often are released without any type of aftercare or pre-release planning (Beck and Maruschak 2001; Petersilia 2003; Travis 2005)....

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16 Apr 2018
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the independent effects of parental incarceration on girls' delinquency and arrest, and found that the differences in delinquency were no longer significant between any groups.
Abstract: Children with incarcerated parents have been shown to be at increased risk of acting out, exhibiting delinquent behaviors, and becoming involved with the criminal justice system. Research has done little to examine girls’ delinquency with relation to parental incarceration and its effects on girls’ juvenile justice system involvement. This dissertation advances our understanding of girls with incarcerated parents in three important ways: time-ordered data allows for controlling factors prior to a girl’s parental incarceration; delinquency measures are specifically created to compare girls with each other as well as track change over time; and comparison groups are designed according to a parents’ criminal justice system involvement, as gathered through primary data collection. The aim of this study is to identify and measure the independent effects of parental incarceration on girls’ delinquency and arrest. Initial comparisons between groups indicate significant differences in delinquency and arrest between girls with and without incarcerated parents. Girls with incarcerated parents and girls with parents who have been involved with the criminal justice system but never incarcerated showed similar levels of delinquency and arrest. Analyses rerun on propensity score matched groups find that the differences in delinquency and arrest are no longer significant between any groups. Questions about the roles of contextual factors in the lives of girls are addressed.

6 citations


Cites background from "But They All Come Back: Facing the ..."

  • ...By 2001 the prison population reached 2 million (Luke, 2005; Travis, 2005) so that now 1 in every 108 Americans is in jail or prison and 1 in every 35 Americans are under some form of Correctional Supervision (Glaze & Herberman, 2013)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors address a simple question: what have researchers in the United States and other countries learned about probation performance generally and the effectiveness of specific probation practices in particular, and the implications for an emerging desistance-based probation paradigm are considered.
Abstract: This paper addresses a simple question: what have researchers in the United States and other countries learned about probation performance generally and the effectiveness of specific probation practices in particular? While the „science‟ derived from the evaluation studies is still weak, it has been argued that probation could be organized along three risk dimensions, targeting high-risk times, high-risk offenders and high-risk locations. Research examining these risk dimensions is presented here, and the implications for an emerging desistance-based probation paradigm are considered

6 citations