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But They All Come Back: Facing the Challenges of Prisoner Reentry

12 Apr 2005-
TL;DR: Travis as mentioned in this paper proposes organizing the criminal justice system around five principles of reentry to encourage change and spur innovation, and argues that the impact of returning prisoners on families and communities has been largely overlooked.
Abstract: As our justice system has embarked upon one of our time's greatest social experiments?responding to crime by expanding prisons?we have forgotten the iron law of imprisonment: they all come back. In 2002, more than 630,000 individuals left federal and state prisons. Thirty years ago, only 150,000 did. In the intense political debate over America's punishment policies, the impact of these returning prisoners on families and communities has been largely overlooked. In But They All Come Back, Jeremy Travis continues his pioneering work on the new realities of punishment in America vis-a-vis public safety, families and children, work, housing, public health, civic identity, and community capacity. Travis proposes organizing the criminal justice system around five principles of reentry to encourage change and spur innovation.
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Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2017
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine theories about family systems applicable to the prisoner reentry process and explore the nature of families as dynamic systems and how they might experience a member's incarceration and community reentry.
Abstract: This chapter examines theories about family systems applicable to the prisoner reentry process. Specifically, the focus is on adults released from incarceration and the nature of family reintegration under these circumstances. Literature and data from criminal justice and social work are explored, along with lessons learned through analogous family reintegration circumstances. The chapter begins with an overview of family systems, role, and adaptation constructs, exploring the nature of families as dynamic systems and how they might experience a member’s incarceration and community reentry. The discussion next analyzes prisoner visitation evidence related to preserving family connectedness. Ideas for meeting the special needs of these families are then explored. Finally, conclusions are drawn concerning practice, policy, and future directions for research.

4 citations

01 Jan 2011

4 citations


Cites background from "But They All Come Back: Facing the ..."

  • ...Ésta es una cuestión que ya ha sido reiteradamente destacada por los investigadores por su relevancia y repercusión en la reinserción (Baskin y Sommers, 1998; Travis, 2005; Belis y Mears, 2008, entre otros)....

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  • ...…etapa en la que los apoyos sociales se hacen imprescindibles, ya que, aparte de la contención afectiva y emocional que puedan ofrecer, como señala Travis (2005), adquieren un papel muy importante en la solución de problemas materiales frecuentes entre los ex internos (en vivienda y salud, por…...

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  • ...La literatura norteamericana (Travis, 2005, entre otros) califica el cuidado y la atención sobre la propia salud como otro factor importante para la reinserción....

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  • ...Y como sostiene Travis (2005), la familia adquiere mayor peso cuando se trata de una “relación de calidad”....

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  • ...La familia adquiere, aquí, un papel fundamental y, como señala Travis (2005), vivir en pareja reduce la posibilidad de reincidencia, y mucho más si la relación es una “relación de calidad”....

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Journal ArticleDOI
01 Oct 2017
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined differences in father involvement among Black fathers with criminal records and explored relationships between fathers' involvement, the amount of time served in jail, fathers' employment status, and fathers' education levels.
Abstract: Background: The role that fathers play in the lives of their families, particularly, the lives of children, is vitally important. Research has found positive associations between father involvement and factors, such as infant cognitive outcomes, children’s school-readiness where levels of mothers’ supportiveness are low, better socioemotional, and academic functioning in children. Black males, many who are fathers, are disproportionately overrepresented within the criminal justice system. High incarceration rates have significant economic and social impacts on families and communities. Objective: This article examines differences in father involvement among Black fathers with criminal records and explores relationships between fathers’ involvement, the amount of time served in jail, fathers’ employment status, and fathers’ education levels. Method: Secondary analysis of the third wave of Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing (FFCW) public-use dataset was used for this article. The FFCW study follows a panel or cohort of 4,700 children born to unwed (3,600) and married (1,100) parents. The Fragile Families study employed a stratified random sample of 75 hospitals across 20 U.S. cities with populations over 200,000. Findings: The results of the analyses found (a) that the time served in jail had no effect on fathers’ involvement, (b) no statistically significant differences in fathers’ involvement based on fathers’ education level, and (c) fathers who were working were more engaged in the lives of their children, as compared to fathers who were not working and under correctional supervision. Conclusion: This article’s exploration of differences and relationships between father involvement and socioeconomic variables among Black fathers with criminal records further demystifies the complexities of fragile family compositions and circumstances while informing future policy, practices, and research.

4 citations


Cites background or result from "But They All Come Back: Facing the ..."

  • ...Even when they are hired, their earnings trajectories remain disproportionately lower than their White counterparts (Travis, 2005)....

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  • ...The findings from this study supports empirical studies that demonstrated that employment was important to fathers’ involvement with their children, particularly for fathers with criminal records (Maldonado, 2006; Pager et al., 2009; Travis, 2005)....

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  • ...For fathers, post incarceration outcomes often result in many fathers reentering communities without adequate education and professional skills, which begets bleak employment and earning outcomes (Ewert, Sykes, & Pettit, 2014; Holzer et al., 2006; Lewis et al., 2007; Pettit & Western, 2004; Pryor & Thompkins, 2013; Travis, 2005)....

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  • ...The findings also support institutional practices and public policies that support providing employment opportunities to fathers with criminal records (Ewert et al., 2014; Harwin, 2012; Pager et al., 2009; Petit & Western, 2004; Travis, 2005)....

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  • ...…outcomes often result in many fathers reentering communities without adequate education and professional skills, which begets bleak employment and earning outcomes (Ewert, Sykes, & Pettit, 2014; Holzer et al., 2006; Lewis et al., 2007; Pettit & Western, 2004; Pryor & Thompkins, 2013; Travis, 2005)....

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Dissertation
01 Jan 2012

4 citations


Cites background from "But They All Come Back: Facing the ..."

  • ...Unless ex-offenders make prior arrangements with family members, it is not uncommon for ex-offenders to spend their first night on the street (Nelson, Deess and Allen 1999; Petersilia 2003; Travis 2005)....

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  • ...In general, every time an ex-offender is unable to get the proper medication, get appropriate training or effective therapy, the damage goes beyond the 14 individual (Sampson and Laub 1993; Petersilia 2003; Visher, La Vigne and Travis 2003; Brown and Campbell 2005; Travis 2005)....

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  • ...In 1997, prisoners released from prison represented roughly a quarter of all people living with HIV/AIDs in the US (Travis 2005:194)....

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  • ...Ex-offenders face specific challenges due to prisonization including procuring housing, education and employment in addition to compromised health, social acceptance and family issues (Goffman 1961; Schmid and Jones 1991; Petersilia 2003; Travis 2005; Western 2006; Visher 2007)....

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  • ...Ex-offenders leaving state prisons may receive between $25 to $200 dollars as “gate money,” but as many as one-third of all state correctional institutions do not provide any money at all (Travis 2005:223)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
02 Mar 2016
TL;DR: A review of the literature examining the employment of ex-offenders who have a Serious Mental Illness (SMI) was carried out in this paper, highlighting a distinct lack of employment opportunities and numerous barriers for offenders with research often failing to distinguish those who have mental health difficulties.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the research within the area of employment for ex-prisoners who have a Serious Mental Illness (SMI). Design/methodology/approach – A review of the literature examining the employment of ex-offenders who have a SMI whilst also presenting a possible novel solution. Findings – The research highlights a distinct lack of employment opportunities and numerous barriers for offenders with research often failing to distinguish between those who have mental health difficulties. However, early findings suggest that Individual Placement and Support (IPS) approaches can generate competitive employment for this population. Practical implications – Offenders with a SMI are often routinely excluded from vocational services due to their mental health. This review has indicated that the way in which such offenders are treated in prison and reintegrated into the community needs to be addressed. Social implications – By tackling this issue not only could the mental health and...

4 citations