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But They All Come Back: Facing the Challenges of Prisoner Reentry

12 Apr 2005-
TL;DR: Travis as mentioned in this paper proposes organizing the criminal justice system around five principles of reentry to encourage change and spur innovation, and argues that the impact of returning prisoners on families and communities has been largely overlooked.
Abstract: As our justice system has embarked upon one of our time's greatest social experiments?responding to crime by expanding prisons?we have forgotten the iron law of imprisonment: they all come back. In 2002, more than 630,000 individuals left federal and state prisons. Thirty years ago, only 150,000 did. In the intense political debate over America's punishment policies, the impact of these returning prisoners on families and communities has been largely overlooked. In But They All Come Back, Jeremy Travis continues his pioneering work on the new realities of punishment in America vis-a-vis public safety, families and children, work, housing, public health, civic identity, and community capacity. Travis proposes organizing the criminal justice system around five principles of reentry to encourage change and spur innovation.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed the empirical literature that investigated trauma and stress among older adults in the criminal justice system and found that past and current trauma, consequences and/or correlates, and internal and external coping resources among aging offenders.
Abstract: The purpose of this article was to review the empirical literature that investigated trauma and stress among older adults in the criminal justice system. Nineteen journal articles published between 1988 and 2010 were identified and extracted via research databases and included mixed age samples of adjudicated older and younger adults (n = 11) or older adult only samples (n = 8). Findings revealed past and current trauma and stress, consequences and/or correlates, and internal and external coping resources among aging offenders. The implications and future directions for gerontological social work, research, and policy with older adults in the criminal justice system are advanced.

1 citations

01 Jan 2017
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored six former New York state male prisoner's individual experiences developing EI competencies, and how those EI skills contributed to their post-release decisions to desist crime.
Abstract: Making good post-incarceration decisions are important for helping formerly incarcerated individuals avoid a return to prison. This is the first study to look at emotional intelligence (EI) components formerly incarcerated men considered important for post-prison criminal desistance. This study explored six former New York state male prisoner’s individual experiences developing EI competencies, and how those EI skills contributed to their post-release decisions to desist crime. Research participants spent an average 7.5 years in a New York state prison, and have been out of prison and living in the community for an average 3.6 years without recommitting a criminal offense. Research interviews revealed that the internal process of self-reflection instigates an increased state of self-awareness. Self-awareness is the foundation for developing responsible decision-making skills and the motivation to desist crime. In addition, participants’ decisions to desist crime were also mediated by external factors including prosocial relationships with family members and friends, and having gainful employment. Document Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Education (EdD) Department Executive Leadership First Supervisor Guillermo Montes Second Supervisor Tisha Smith Subject Categories Education This dissertation is available at Fisher Digital Publications: https://fisherpub.sjfc.edu/education_etd/333 What Aspects of Emotional Intelligence Help Former Prisoners Make Decisions to Desist Crime?

1 citations


Cites background from "But They All Come Back: Facing the ..."

  • ...Newly released prisoners must navigate the unfamiliar terrain of social and economic (re)integration, often without access to proper housing, gainful employment or pro-social associates (Travis, 2005)....

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  • ...Almost 100 years later, a separate unit was created in Philadelphia’s Walnut Street jail where those convicted of felony offenses were separated from minor offenders, separated from each other, and not allowed to speak to other prisoners (Barnes, 1921; Travis, 2005)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
15 Mar 2021
TL;DR: In this article, the issues associated with offender reentry from the perspective of magistrate judges, probation and parole officers, and current inmates throughout Pennsylvania were explored from the perspectives of the magistrate judge, the probation officer, and the current prisoner.
Abstract: This study explores the issues associated with offender reentry from the perspectives of magistrate judges, probation and parole officers, and current inmates throughout Pennsylvania. The research ...

1 citations


Cites background from "But They All Come Back: Facing the ..."

  • ...Additionally, time spent working shields individuals from potential criminogenic influences, which enables them to focus more on successful assimilation (Travis, 2005)....

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  • ...Estimates reveal that upwards of 75% of former inmates are unable to find employment a year following post-incarceration (Travis, 2005)....

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  • ...…2011; Greenberg & Rosenheck, 2008; LeBel, 2017; Lutze, Rosky, & Hamilton, 2014; Pager, 2003; Roman & Travis, 2006; Steiner, Makarios, & Travis, 2015; Travis, 2005; Travis, Western, & Redburn, 2014; Tsai & Rosenheck, 2012; Uggen & Stewart, 2014) obstacles and barriers offenders face upon reentry…...

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  • ...In addition to housing and employment difficulties, Travis (2005) suggests ex-offenders must also confront “invisible punishments” (p. 71), or collateral consequences....

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  • ...employment a year following post-incarceration (Travis, 2005)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined how prisoners' early release affects other citizens' perceived insecurity and their attitudes towards those released prisoners, and how citizens' political orientation influences these variables.
Abstract: Purpose This study aims to examine how prisoners' early release affects other citizens' perceived insecurity and their attitudes towards those released prisoners, and how citizens' political orientation influences these variables. Design/methodology/approach A total of 383 Portuguese participants were presented with a recommendation from the United Nations for the release of prisoners because of COVID-19 and then asked to fill in a questionnaire measuring their political orientation, support for the early release of prisoners, perceived insecurity regarding such measure and their attitudes towards the released prisoners. Findings Results showed that support for the release of prisoners during COVID-19 is associated with perceived insecurity and both, in turn, predicts inclusive attitudes regarding these prisoners, while only perceived insecurity is associated with an agreement with an intensification of social control measures. Right-wing participants were found to express the negative side. The more participants felt insecure, the more they believed released prisoners should not have the same rights as common citizens and the more they should be left out of the community. Research limitations/implications The major limitation of this study concerns the sample: the authors collected answers from Portuguese participants exclusively, most of which held a university degree. Practical implications At least two major implications can be drawn from this study's results. These implications deal with prisoners' entrance in what can be considered a cycle of exclusion and the promotion of their social reintegration once they are released from prison. Social implications The findings point out the necessity to firstly put an effort in deconstructing the insecurity perception that results from the prospective of having prisoners back into society - that is to understand why it happens and how it can be reduced - promoting efficacy in the inclusion of these prisoners and preventing the emergence of controlling or protective approaches directed to these individuals in their return to society by enhancing people's awareness that the social reintegration of ex-prisoners will benefit the whole community. Originality/value The authors present a different perspective of the impact that managing COVID-19 in prisons has on society.

1 citations