But They All Come Back: Facing the Challenges of Prisoner Reentry

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But They All Come Back: Facing the Challenges of Prisoner Reentry

12 Apr 2005-

TL;DR: Travis as mentioned in this paper proposes organizing the criminal justice system around five principles of reentry to encourage change and spur innovation, and argues that the impact of returning prisoners on families and communities has been largely overlooked.

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Abstract: As our justice system has embarked upon one of our time's greatest social experiments?responding to crime by expanding prisons?we have forgotten the iron law of imprisonment: they all come back. In 2002, more than 630,000 individuals left federal and state prisons. Thirty years ago, only 150,000 did. In the intense political debate over America's punishment policies, the impact of these returning prisoners on families and communities has been largely overlooked. In But They All Come Back, Jeremy Travis continues his pioneering work on the new realities of punishment in America vis-a-vis public safety, families and children, work, housing, public health, civic identity, and community capacity. Travis proposes organizing the criminal justice system around five principles of reentry to encourage change and spur innovation.

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Journal Article•DOI•

Neighborhood context of attitudes toward crime and reentry

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Andrea Leverentz¹•Institutions (1)

University of Massachusetts Boston¹

01 Jan 2011-Punishment & Society

TL;DR: The authors explored the impact of individual and neighborhood characteristics on attitudes toward crime and prisoner reentry, and found that individual-level predictors (e.g., political affiliation, sex, parenthood, and several crimerelated factors) of punitiveness are significant, and that there is a neighborhood context to these beliefs.

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Abstract: While much recent attention has been focused on the impact of incarceration on ex-prisoners, less has been paid to the general public’s informal attitudes and responses to crime and offenders. This article begins to fill this void by exploring the impact of individual and neighborhood characteristics on attitudes toward crime and prisoner reentry. The article is based on two phases of data collection. During phase one, residents of four Massachusetts communities were surveyed about their attitudes and experiences with crime and prisoner reentry. During phase two, qualitative interviews and participant observation were used to explore how crime and reentry issues are framed across community context. The survey data suggest both that individual-level predictors (e.g. political affiliation, sex, parenthood, and several crime-related factors) of punitiveness are significant, and that there is a neighborhood context to these beliefs. The focus in analyzing the qualitative data is on two contrasting communities. These data suggest varying ways of framing ‘the crime problem’ that help explain the neighborhood context of these attitudes. Specifically, a localized framing shapes less punitive attitudes, while a focus on a general crime problem contributes to greater punitiveness.

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64 citations

Cites background from "But They All Come Back: Facing the ..."

...In this sense, being an ex-prisoner from Urban Hub is doubly stigmatizing (or more, if one also fits demographic stereotypes of offenders) (Pager, 2003; Travis, 2005)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Race, concentrated disadvantage, and recidivism: A test of interaction effects

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Michael M. Wehrman¹•Institutions (1)

Ohio University¹

01 Jul 2010-Journal of Criminal Justice

TL;DR: The authors explored if the structural characteristics of a community (specifically what sociologists term concentrated disadvantage) interact with race in predicting recidivism, and found that neither concentrated disadvantage nor the interaction between it and race had significant effects on recidivitis.

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64 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Facilitators and barriers to continuing healthcare after jail: a community-integrated program.

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Thomas M. Lincoln¹, Sofia Kennedy, Robert W. Tuthill, Cheryl A. Roberts, Thomas J. Conklin, Theodore M. Hammett - Show less +2 more•Institutions (1)

Baystate Medical Center¹

01 Jan 2006-The Journal of ambulatory care management

TL;DR: This report characterizes the health status and healthcare in this group, and identifies facilitators and barriers to engagement in primary medical and mental health care after release from jail.

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Abstract: A cooperative, community-oriented "public health model of correctional healthcare" was developed to address the needs of persons temporarily displaced into jail from the community, and to improve the health and safety of the community. It emphasizes 5 key elements: early detection, effective treatment, education, prevention, and continuity of care. In the program, physicians and case managers are "dually based"-they work both at the jail and at community healthcare centers. This, together with discharge planning, promotes continuity of care for inmates with serious and chronic medical conditions. This report characterizes the health status and healthcare in this group, and identifies facilitators and barriers to engagement in primary medical and mental health care after release from jail.

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63 citations

Cites background from "But They All Come Back: Facing the ..."

...…care to prevention, self-care, and primary care; and (4) facilitate successful reentry to society to the benefit of the individual, family, and community (Hammett, 2001; Miles & Lincoln, in press; National Commission on Correctional Healthcare and National Institute of Justice, 2002; Travis, 2005)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

The Labor Market and Young Black Men: Updating Moynihan's Perspective

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Harry J. Holzer¹•Institutions (1)

Georgetown University¹

01 Jan 2009-Annals of The American Academy of Political and Social Science

TL;DR: Daniel Patrick Moynihan's views on employment and young black men in his 1965 report are reviewed and the evidence on their employment status is updated and policies that deal with a wide range of disadvantages and behaviors are reviewed.

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Abstract: This article reviews Daniel Patrick Moynihan's views on employment and young black men in his 1965 report. The author then updates the evidence on their employment status and reviews the causes and policy implications of these trends. Moynihan was extremely insightful and even prescient in arguing that the employment situation of young black men was a “crisis . . . that would only grow worse.” He understood that these trends involve both limits on labor market opportunities that these young men face as well as skill deficits of and behavioral responses by the young men themselves. Policies that deal with a wide range of disadvantages and behaviors are needed to reverse these trends.

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63 citations

Cites background from "But They All Come Back: Facing the ..."

...6) as well as Travis (2005)....
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...And while many of these men recidivate and become incarcerated once again after their initial release, ultimately most are released again and eventually age out of serious crime (Travis 2005)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Who Gets Visited in Prison? Individual- and Community-Level Disparities in Inmate Visitation Experiences

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Joshua C. Cochran¹, Daniel P. Mears², William D. Bales²•Institutions (2)

University of South Florida¹, Florida State University²

01 May 2017-Crime & Delinquency

TL;DR: For instance, the authors found that older, Black, and who have been incarcerated more frequently experience less visitation. But, they also found that those who come from areas with higher incarceration rates and higher levels of social altruism experience more visits, while sentence length and economic disadvantage are not associated with visitation.

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Abstract: Scholarship has shown that visitation helps individuals maintain social ties during imprisonment, which, in turn, can improve inmate behavior and reduce recidivism. Not being visited can result in collateral consequences and inequality in punishment. Few studies, however, have explored the factors associated with visitation. This study uses data on Florida inmates to identify individual- and community-level factors that may affect visitation. Consistent with expectations derived from prior theory and research, the study finds that inmates who are older, Black, and who have been incarcerated more frequently experience less visitation. In addition, inmates who come from areas with higher incarceration rates and higher levels of social altruism experience more visits. Unexpectedly, however, sentence length and economic disadvantage are not associated with visitation. Implications of these findings are discussed.

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61 citations

Cites background from "But They All Come Back: Facing the ..."

...Conversely, limited visitation can constitute a form of punishment, a collateral consequence (Travis, 2005)....
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...It is problematic, too, because efforts to improve risk prediction, inmate behavior, and reentry success may be improved by efforts to increase visitation and, more broadly, to create stronger social networks for inmates and ex-prisoners (Petersilia, 2003; Travis, 2005)....
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...…above, a lack of visitation constitutes an additional punishment on some inmates that may constitute a form of unequal treatment and that may perpetuate social disadvantage (e.g., Beckett & Murakawa, 2012; Cochran & Mears, 2013; Hagan & Dinovitzer, 1999; Mauer & ChesneyLind, 2002; Travis, 2005)....
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...At the same time, disparities in visitation constitute a form of potentially unequal punishment, a collateral consequence (Travis, 2005), concentrated more among some groups, such as minorities, than others (Bales & Mears, 2008; Western, 2006)....
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...Second, as emphasized above, a lack of visitation constitutes an additional punishment on some inmates that may constitute a form of unequal treatment and that may perpetuate social disadvantage (e.g., Beckett & Murakawa, 2012; Cochran & Mears, 2013; Hagan & Dinovitzer, 1999; Mauer & ChesneyLind, 2002; Travis, 2005)....
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But They All Come Back: Facing the Challenges of Prisoner Reentry

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Cites background from "But They All Come Back: Facing the ..."

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Cites background from "But They All Come Back: Facing the ..."

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