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But They All Come Back: Facing the Challenges of Prisoner Reentry

12 Apr 2005-
TL;DR: Travis as mentioned in this paper proposes organizing the criminal justice system around five principles of reentry to encourage change and spur innovation, and argues that the impact of returning prisoners on families and communities has been largely overlooked.
Abstract: As our justice system has embarked upon one of our time's greatest social experiments?responding to crime by expanding prisons?we have forgotten the iron law of imprisonment: they all come back. In 2002, more than 630,000 individuals left federal and state prisons. Thirty years ago, only 150,000 did. In the intense political debate over America's punishment policies, the impact of these returning prisoners on families and communities has been largely overlooked. In But They All Come Back, Jeremy Travis continues his pioneering work on the new realities of punishment in America vis-a-vis public safety, families and children, work, housing, public health, civic identity, and community capacity. Travis proposes organizing the criminal justice system around five principles of reentry to encourage change and spur innovation.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a more complete framework of offender reintegration by integrating existing knowledge on what works in reducing recidivism across multiple levels of analysis is presented, and the implications for continued theoretical development and future testing of the model are discussed.
Abstract: Over the last several decades significant progress has been made in identifying the evidence-based components of successful offender reentry. These advancements have often been limited to specific disciplines and frequently are developed by academics or practice-based researchers independent of one another. Further, although a large body of knowledge has been compiled detailing the significant predictors of recidivism, the specific mechanisms by which these correlates either reduce or increase recidivism remain largely unknown. Accordingly, the present work seeks to build a more complete framework of offender reintegration by integrating existing knowledge on what works in reducing recidivism across multiple levels of analysis. We argue that social support provides an organizing concept for understanding the existing relationships in recidivism research. The implications for continued theoretical development and future testing of the model are discussed.

35 citations


Cites background from "But They All Come Back: Facing the ..."

  • ...A focus on strengthening the link between correctional agencies and community providers has other benefits as well—ex-prisoners and their families often comprise a significant portion of the population that is in need of various supports provided by the social service sector (Travis, 2005)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The main goal of the current study was to delineate the relative importance of a variety of personal factors as determinants of stable employment for female inmates.
Abstract: The ability of inmates to secure stable, legal employment for themselves upon release from prison has been shown to be a crucial element for successful community reintegration. These individuals, however, often fail to find employment due to a multitude of personal, relational, structural, and institutional barriers. Formerly incarcerated women are particularly disadvantaged in this respect, given their high rates of psychiatric and substance abuse disorders, and history of domestic violence in conjunction with low educational attainment and limited employment skills. The main goal of the current study was to delineate the relative importance of a variety of personal factors as determinants of stable employment for female inmates. Data were collected as part of a population survey of female inmates in New Jersey (N = 908). Female inmates who volunteered to participate in this study were asked to complete a short survey that included questions about their educational and work histories, their work...

34 citations


Cites background or result from "But They All Come Back: Facing the ..."

  • ...While virtually every prison in the United States offers programs designed to help inmates improve their ability to have a better life outside (Travis, 2005), not all inmates have access to such programs and not all prisons dedicate the same amount of resources needed to meet the demand....

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  • ...While this projection from the past to the future may be seen as problematic, it is consistent with evidence demonstrating a striking similarity between patterns of inmates’ employment before and after prison (Bates, 2004; La Vigne et al., 2004; Travis, 2005; Visher & Travis, 2003)....

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OtherDOI
11 Mar 2013
TL;DR: A state law (or local ordinance) restricting where sexual offenders can live can be found in this paper, where 500 to 2500 feet from places where children/minors might congregate, such as schools, playgrounds, day care, parks, and recreation centers.
Abstract: A state law (or local ordinance) restricting where sexual offenders can live. Examples include 500 to 2500 feet from places where children/minors might congregate, such as schools, playgrounds, day cares, parks, and recreation centers. Sometimes this restriction also includes bus stops. Some states limit the restriction to only those sexual offenders who are convicted of the most serious offenses, offend against minors, or are judged highly likely to reoffend, while others apply the law more broadly to all sex offenders.

34 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In the face of teeming penitentiaries, alternative release procedures could and undoubtedly will be evolved. Yet these adaptations are likely to be hastily instituted and to create new inefficiencies and inequalities in the administration of justice as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Intheir seminal work,Reaffirming Rehabilitation, Cullen andGilbert (1982: 176) issued a warning that “in the face of teeming penitentiaries, alternative release procedures could and undoubtedly will be evolved. Yet these adaptations are likely to be hastily instituted and to create new inefficiencies and inequalities in the administration of justice.” Nearly three decades later, their premonition has proved to be correct as state correctional administrators have struggled in efforts to combat the “incompatible and powerful forces” (Cullen, Wright, and Applegate, 1996: 70) of underfunding and overcrowding (see, e.g., Lane, 1986). Indeed, by year-end 2009, 19 states and the federal government had prison systems operating at more than 100% of their highest inmate capacity with 27 operating at more than 100% of their lowest capacity (West, Sabol, andGreenman, 2010).1 Additionally, the current economic crisis has led to significant, across-the-board cuts in the seemingly untouchable sphere of state correctional budgets (Engel, Larivee, and Luedeman, 2009). The task, then, is for researchers, policy makers, and practitioners to find ways to alleviate these strains without compromising the goals of corrections or the safety of the general public.

34 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article reviewed demographic trends shaping the difficulties in providing care to incarcerated people with HIV and recommend the Centers for AIDS Research Collaboration on HIV in Corrections as a model of interdisciplinary collaboration in addressing those difficulties.
Abstract: The United States now has the highest incarceration rate in the world. The majority of prison and jail inmates come from predominantly nonwhite and medically underserved communities. Although incarceration has adverse effects on both individual and community health, prisons and jails have also been used successfully as venues to provide health services to people with HIV who frequently lack stable health care. We review demographic trends shaping the difficulties in providing care to incarcerated people with HIV and recommend the Centers for AIDS Research Collaboration on HIV in Corrections as a model of interdisciplinary collaboration in addressing those difficulties.

33 citations


Cites background from "But They All Come Back: Facing the ..."

  • ...Released prisoners often resume lives that were chaotic before their imprisonment, in addition to which they must secure food, shelter, and employment; negotiate relationships strained by the prisoner’s absence; confront issues of substance dependence and mental health; and abide by restrictions of parole and other legal sanctions.(39,40) Not surprisingly, these issues often take precedence over efforts to establish health care in the community....

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