But They All Come Back: Facing the Challenges of Prisoner Reentry

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But They All Come Back: Facing the Challenges of Prisoner Reentry

12 Apr 2005-

TL;DR: Travis as mentioned in this paper proposes organizing the criminal justice system around five principles of reentry to encourage change and spur innovation, and argues that the impact of returning prisoners on families and communities has been largely overlooked.

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Abstract: As our justice system has embarked upon one of our time's greatest social experiments?responding to crime by expanding prisons?we have forgotten the iron law of imprisonment: they all come back. In 2002, more than 630,000 individuals left federal and state prisons. Thirty years ago, only 150,000 did. In the intense political debate over America's punishment policies, the impact of these returning prisoners on families and communities has been largely overlooked. In But They All Come Back, Jeremy Travis continues his pioneering work on the new realities of punishment in America vis-a-vis public safety, families and children, work, housing, public health, civic identity, and community capacity. Travis proposes organizing the criminal justice system around five principles of reentry to encourage change and spur innovation.

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Discourses of Deception: (Re)Examining America's War on Drugs

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Benjamin Steven Boyce

01 Jan 2018

TL;DR: The war on drugs is a failed experiment that has caused more damage than it will ever prevent as mentioned in this paper, and it has been consistently utilized by white political elites as a vehicle of misinformation, as a well-oiled machine for spreading the false social narrative that drugs are dangerous and deadly, that drug dealers and users are infectious and criminal, and that drug use should be punished.

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Abstract: America’s war on drugs is a failed experiment that has caused more damage than it will ever prevent. From its original design to its contemporary manifestations, the war on drugs is a conflict that remains firmly rooted in white supremacy. In contemporary Western societies, the rhetoric of both political leaders and mass-mediated narratives becomes the raw material of subjective reality. Since the war on drugs began nearly a century ago, the spectacle of mass media has been consistently utilized by white political elites as a vehicle of misinformation—as a well-oiled machine for spreading the false social narrative that drugs are dangerous and deadly, that drug dealers and users are infectious and criminal, and that drug use should be punished. From newspapers to sitcoms to commercials to blockbuster films, these narratives also work to associate drug use with crime and race in ways that reinforce racist stereotypes often used in the service of white supremacy. A century into the war on drugs, American prisons are packed with people of color, many working full-time jobs for little or no wages while lacking the most basic of human necessities, all because drug possession and use are socially constructed as dangerous and criminal. Once released from prison, the convicted drug criminal faces life-long barriers to legitimacy. The drug addict is especially at risk, forced to live in the crevices of society and damned to the dangers of the criminal underworld. The war on drugs isn’t responsible for saving the lives of addicts or helping drug dealers find more

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26 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Prisoner Reentry Research From 2000 to 2010 Results of a Narrative Review

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Benjamin Wright¹, Sheldon X. Zhang¹, David Farabee², Rick Braatz¹•Institutions (2)

San Diego State University¹, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior²

01 Mar 2014-Criminal Justice Review

TL;DR: In this paper, a comprehensive analysis of 35 evaluations on community-based prisoner reentry programs that have been published in the past decade, between 2000 and 2010, evaluating 29 diffe...

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Abstract: This article presents a comprehensive analysis of 35 evaluations on community-based prisoner reentry programs that have been published in the past decade, between 2000 and 2010, evaluating 29 diffe...

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26 citations

Cites background from "But They All Come Back: Facing the ..."

...Research has documented the many challenges faced by ex-offenders when they reenter the community, including lack of access to medical treatment and medication, drug treatment, housing, and employment (Travis, 2005; Visher, Kachnowski, Vigne, & Travis, 2004)....
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...The question then is what, if anything, can be done to help those who are released from prison readjust to life on the outside? Research has documented the many challenges faced by ex-offenders when they reenter the community, including lack of access to medical treatment and medication, drug treatment, housing, and employment (Travis, 2005; Visher, Kachnowski, Vigne, & Travis, 2004)....
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...Ability to meet the needs of ex-prisoners, in terms of housing, substance abuse treatment, medical treatment, and employment (among other needs) is important for successful reintegration into society (Travis, 2005; Visher et al., 2004)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Religious and Spiritual Support, Reentry, and Risk

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Richard Stansfield, Thomas J. Mowen, Tom O'Connor

23 Feb 2018-Justice Quarterly

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of religious/spiritual support on reentry success generalize across offenders as a function of risk, finding that religious and spiritual support does have a strong and robust effect on the likelihood of ex-offenders desisting from substance abuse.

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Abstract: Systems and agencies intent on pursuing an evidence-based approach to correctional interventions have widely adopted the risk principle. For a variety of reasons, many studies have found that giving treatment to low risk people has little impact on reducing recidivism and can even increase recidivism. Because of the risk principle, many prison and community correctional systems now target their treatment resources to medium and high risk. This study tests whether the effects of religious/spiritual support on reentry success generalize across offenders as a function of risk. Results from random effects count models suggest that religious and spiritual support does have a strong and robust effect on the likelihood of ex-offenders desisting from substance abuse. Findings also reveal that the risk principle was not supported; religious and social support was associated with significantly lower levels of substance abuse among low risk offenders, but not among higher-risk offenders. On the other hand, religious...

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25 citations

Cites background from "But They All Come Back: Facing the ..."

...We control for marital status (see Travis, 2005)....
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...We also control for time invariant measures highlighted as important predictors of desistance including race (Wehrman, 2010), length of incarceration (Travis, 2005), offense conviction (Mowen & Visher, 2016), and whether the individual was a SVORI program participant (Lattimore & Steffey, 2010)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

A Dark Figure of Corrections: Failure by Way of Participation

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Zachary Hamilton¹, Christopher M. Campbell¹•Institutions (1)

Washington State University¹

17 Jan 2013-Criminal Justice and Behavior

TL;DR: The current study explores failure types, prevalence, and competing risk predictors for a sample of halfway house participants, and describes the added and varying risks associated with participation community corrections interventions.

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Abstract: Given recent fiscal issues and the continual struggle to reduce the nation’s overuse of incarceration, a renewed focus has been placed on the efforts of community corrections and alternative sancti...

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25 citations

Cites background from "But They All Come Back: Facing the ..."

...Despite this limitation, what we can say with some certainty is that the “riskiest” time period suggested by prior research (petersilia, 2005; travis, 2005; Wright & rosky, 2011) likely only reflects a risk of failure for noncriminal revocations and not for new criminal events (which, if they do…...
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Journal Article•DOI•

Solid Start: supportive housing, social support, and reentry transitions

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Breanne Pleggenkuhle¹, Beth M. Huebner², Kimberly R. Kras³•Institutions (3)

Southern Illinois University Carbondale¹, University of Missouri–St. Louis², George Mason University³

02 Jul 2016-Journal of Criminal Justice

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors use interviews and a grounded theory approach to compare the reentry needs among a sample of male parolees participating in a housing program, Solid Start, with a similar sample of males on traditional parole.

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25 citations

Cites background or result from "But They All Come Back: Facing the ..."

...Consistent with the suggestions of Travis (2005), this program provided intense reentry support with the goal that clients would eventually be self-supporting....
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...Furthermore, the demand for public housing far outpaces the supply, and there are frequent, multi-year waiting lists for public housing (Graffam, Shinkfield, and Hardcastle 2008; Travis 2005)....
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...Travis (2005) advocates for housing programs that act as a ‘bridge’ – offering intensive initial assistance that ultimately links to self-supporting behaviors and more permanent residency....
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...Individuals returning home from prison require instant housing attention, particularly during the high-risk period immediately following release (Petersilia 2003; Travis 2005)....
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But They All Come Back: Facing the Challenges of Prisoner Reentry

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Cites background from "But They All Come Back: Facing the ..."

Cites background from "But They All Come Back: Facing the ..."

Cites background from "But They All Come Back: Facing the ..."

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