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But They All Come Back: Facing the Challenges of Prisoner Reentry

12 Apr 2005-
TL;DR: Travis as mentioned in this paper proposes organizing the criminal justice system around five principles of reentry to encourage change and spur innovation, and argues that the impact of returning prisoners on families and communities has been largely overlooked.
Abstract: As our justice system has embarked upon one of our time's greatest social experiments?responding to crime by expanding prisons?we have forgotten the iron law of imprisonment: they all come back. In 2002, more than 630,000 individuals left federal and state prisons. Thirty years ago, only 150,000 did. In the intense political debate over America's punishment policies, the impact of these returning prisoners on families and communities has been largely overlooked. In But They All Come Back, Jeremy Travis continues his pioneering work on the new realities of punishment in America vis-a-vis public safety, families and children, work, housing, public health, civic identity, and community capacity. Travis proposes organizing the criminal justice system around five principles of reentry to encourage change and spur innovation.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The purpose of this article is to describe the public health and public safety risks that released prisoners experience when they reenter communities, and to discuss the social justice issues relevant for social work practice.
Abstract: A significant literature identifies the policy, economic, health, and social challenges that confront released prisoners. This literature also describes the public health and public safety risks associated with prisoner reentry, provides recommendations for improving the reentry process, and describes the effectiveness of prison-based programs on recidivism rates. Public health and public safety risks are particularly significant in communities where large numbers of prisoners are released and few evidence-based services exist. The purpose of this article is to describe the public health and public safety risks that released prisoners experience when they reenter communities, and to discuss the social justice issues relevant for social work practice.

15 citations


Cites background from "But They All Come Back: Facing the ..."

  • ...Released prisoners pose a public safety risk and a public health risk to communities (Lynch & Sabol, 2001; Petersilia, 2000, 2001; Stoesen, 2004; Travis, 2005; Travis, Keegan, Cadora, Solomon, & Swartz, 2003)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Using panel data from the Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative, results of mixed-effects models demonstrate that greater levels of parole officer support are associated with decreased odds of reincarceration.
Abstract: Emerging research has shown that the parole officer, much like friends and family, can be an important source of social support for returning persons. While this body of literature is growing, existing research provides little insight into understanding how specific types (e.g., interpersonal and/or professional) of parole officer support matter. Using panel data from the Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative, results of mixed-effects models demonstrate that greater levels of parole officer support are associated with decreased odds of reincarceration. Furthermore, parole officer professional support (e.g., providing correct information) exerts a more robust effect than interpersonal support (e.g., listening and caring). Findings suggest policy makers should consider programming to strengthen the professional relationship between the parole officer and returning person.

15 citations


Cites background from "But They All Come Back: Facing the ..."

  • ..., 2019) during the difficult, and often emotionally taxing, process of reentry (Travis, 2005)....

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  • ...At the same time, nearly every person who is incarcerated will eventually be released (Travis, 2005) and undergo the process of reentry into society....

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  • ...We also control for levels of education as research shows education may influence important aspects of the reentry process (Travis, 2005)....

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  • ...This form of social support is focused on the emotional side of reentry, and provides an atmosphere whereby the returning person experiences interpersonal social support (e.g., Mowen et al., 2019) during the difficult, and often emotionally taxing, process of reentry (Travis, 2005)....

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  • ...…and employment, avoiding substances, encountering financial difficulties, and experiencing a lack of interpersonal relationships (Bahr et al., 2010; Martinez & Christian, 2009; Petersilia, 2003; Phillips, 2010; Travis, 2005; Visher & Courtney, 2007; Visher & Travis, 2003; Western et al., 2015)....

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Dissertation
01 Jan 2017

15 citations


Cites background from "But They All Come Back: Facing the ..."

  • ...The interest in ex-offender rehabilitation and community re-entry has received almost unprecedented attention in Western Europe and the United States of America ever since Jeremy Travis reminded policy makers and proponents of mass incarceration that “they all come back” to the community (Travis 2005)....

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  • ...As Travis (2005) notes such strengths based approaches serve to enable both policy makers, professionals and the offenders themselves to see prisoners or offenders as possessing strengths and assets which could be utilized by the community....

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  • ...…interest in ex-offender rehabilitation and community re-entry has received almost unprecedented attention in Western Europe and the United States of America ever since Jeremy Travis reminded policy makers and proponents of mass incarceration that “they all come back” to the community (Travis 2005)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article examined the influence of geographic access to employment opportunities on the likelihood of recidivism and found that more job opportunities and higher paying jobs closer to the parolees' homes increase recidivacy.

14 citations


Cites background from "But They All Come Back: Facing the ..."

  • ...Securing employment can be challenging for parolees, with some studies finding unemployment rates among parolees as high as 70% (Petersilia 2003; Travis 2005)....

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  • ...Unemployment is a significant barrier that can hinder the successful reintegration of ex-offenders back into society (Meredith, Spier, and Johnson 2007; Petersilia 2003; Travis 2005)....

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  • ...Prior studies examining the effects of unemployment on recidivism have focused largely on whether a parolee was able to obtain a job after release or whether a parolee was unemployed at the time of rearrest (Meredith, Speir, and Johnson 2007), whereas other studies have instead focused on the challenges parolees face in securing employment (Pager 2003; Travis 2005)....

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  • ...One possibility would be to establish non-profit organizations tasked with serving as intermediaries (Pager 2006; Travis 2005) between employers and parolees....

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  • ...…focused largely on whether a parolee was able to obtain a job after release or whether a parolee was unemployed at the time of rearrest (Meredith, Speir, and Johnson 2007), whereas other studies have instead focused on the challenges parolees face in securing employment (Pager 2003; Travis 2005)....

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