scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Journal ArticleDOI

C/C-SiC Composites for Advanced Friction Systems

17 Jul 2002-Advanced Engineering Materials (WILEY‐VCH Verlag Gmbh)-Vol. 4, Iss: 7, pp 427-436
TL;DR: Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMC) as discussed by the authors is a type of composite material based on carbon fibres and silicon carbide matrices, which have superior tribological properties in comparison to grey cast iron or carbon/carbon.
Abstract: Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMC), based on reinforcements of carbon fibres and matrices of silicon carbide, show superior tribological properties in comparison to grey cast iron or carbon/carbon. In combination with their low density, high thermal shock resistance and good abrasive resistance, these Si-infiltrated carbon/carbon materials, called C/SiC or C/C-SiC composites, are promising candidates for advanced friction systems. Generally, the carbon fibres lead to an improved damage tolerance in comparison to monolithic SiC, whereas the silicon carbide matrix improves the wear resistance compared to carbon/carbon. In combination with new design approaches cost-efficient manufacturing processes have been developed and have lead to successfully tested prototypes of brake pads and disks, especially for passenger cars and emergency brake systems.
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, C/C-SiC composites are considered as the primary materials for hot structures of future launch vehicles and their suitability under extreme thermo-mechanical environments in different structural parts like nose caps, nozzle jet vanes and engine flaps.
Abstract: Ceramic matrix composite materials are being considered the primary materials for hot structures of future launch vehicles. Melt infiltrated composites based on the liquid silicon infiltration process have proven their suitability under extreme thermo-mechanical environments in different structural parts like nose caps, nozzle jet vanes and engine flaps. Considerable progress has been achieved within the last few years to mature the manufacture technology and to tailor the properties of the materials. Among low densities and high damage tolerance behaviour C/C–SiC composites show superior tribological properties predestining these materials for advanced friction systems.

492 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the main mechanisms on strengthening and toughening, cracking self-healing, friction self-lubrication, and electromagnetic shielding and absorption of SiC matrix composites are discussed.
Abstract: In the last two decades, fibre-reinforced SiC ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs) have attracted extensive interests. Owing to the designable multi-scale microstructure feature and the tailorable processing methods such as chemical vapour infiltration and polymer derived ceramics, SiC matrix composites attain great potential as multifunctional composites. Through designing the fibre, interphase, matrix and coating, the composite exhibits a multitude of functionalities which are desirable for various technological applications. Besides strengthening and toughening design of CMCs, three inspiring issues of multifunctional CMCs are receiving increasing attention, including crack self-healing, friction self-lubrication, and electromagnetic shielding and absorption, which are the key mechanisms to promote the application of CMCs in hot structures of engines and aerospace vehicles, braking pads/discs, various electronic devices, etc. The present review covers the main mechanisms on strengthening and toughening, cr...

214 citations


Cites background from "C/C-SiC Composites for Advanced Fri..."

  • ...Besides light weight and resistance to thermal shock, these hybrid matrix composites showed better tribological results than standard C/C composites, while the mechanical properties were not affected at high temperatures.(211) When the matrix contains PyC, a compact friction layer generated by the PyC can decrease the wear rate....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An overview of the design, manufacture, properties, and applications of C/C-SiC ceramics, produced with the liquid silicon infiltration (LSI) process, is given in this article.
Abstract: The demands in space technology originally played the decisive role in the development of carbon fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composites (CMC). Within the last few years, the properties and the manufacturing methods were consistently improved, so that now the industry in general can share in the profits of this new class of composite materials. The liquid silicon infiltration (LSI) process is regarded as one of the most promising processes for industrial products, especially if the aspect of cost is considered. An overview of the design, manufacture, properties, and applications of C/C-SiC ceramics, produced with the LSI process, is given in this paper.

181 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the recent progress and trends in the research and development of CMCs, TBCs, EBCs and SOFCs based on ceramic materials for high temperature applications are highlighted.
Abstract: The increasing interest in ecological aspects related to the reduction of harmful emissions to the atmosphere and, at the same time, the need to achieve higher efficiencies of energy production are the driving forces that justify the current development of advanced ceramic materials for high temperature applications, namely those associated to energy and transportation industries. Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs), thermal barrier coatings (TBCs), environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) and solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are increasingly used to work under the new demanding conditions. In this review, the recent progress and trends in the research and development of CMCs, TBCs, EBCs and SOFCs based on ceramic materials for high temperature applications are highlighted.

177 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the carbon/silicon carbide brake materials were prepared by chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) combined with liquid melt infiltration (LMI), and the carbon fiber preform was fabricated with the three dimension needling method.

124 citations


Cites background from "C/C-SiC Composites for Advanced Fri..."

  • ...Retaining the advantages of C/C composites, C/SiC composites promise to overcome most of the disadvantages of C/C composites, and show some others excellent properties such as high and stable friction coefficient, long life, low wear rate, and lower sensibility to surroundings and oxidation [2,5,8–10]....

    [...]

  • ...First attempt to produce C/C–SiC brake materials can be traced back to the early 1990s [2]....

    [...]

  • ...ity and temperature, high cost, and low oxidation resistance make C/C composites less attractive [2–7]....

    [...]

  • ...The application of the metal brakes is limited by their major disadvantages such as high weight, poor performance at high temperature, and prone to corrosion [1,2]....

    [...]

References
More filters
Book ChapterDOI
26 Mar 2008
TL;DR: In this article, a cost efficient manufacturing route has been developed by DLR based on the infiltration of a reactive fluid phase into porous carbon fiber preforms, where Molten silicon is used as the reactive fluid which replaces the initial pore volume of the preform and reacts subsequently with the carbon matrix to form silicon carbide.
Abstract: High performance ceramics are still largely produced via powder routes. The main disadvantage of these monlithic materials is their brittle failure behaviour and the thus dissatisfactory damage tolerance of ceramic components. The most favourable way to improve the fracture toughness of ceramics is the reinforcement with thermally stable continuous fibres. However, long manufacturing times, multiple reinfiltration steps and expensive raw materials lead to high material costs of these fibre reinforced ceramic matrix composites (CMC) which have prevented their breakthrough to terrestrial applications up until now. To overcome these restrictions and widen the applicability of CMCs - in particular, to enter in fields of mechanical engineering - a novel cost efficient manufacturing route has been developed by DLR. The process is based on the infiltration of a reactive fluid phase into porous carbon fibre preforms. Molten silicon is used as the reactive fluid which replaces the initial pore volume of the preform and reacts subsequently with the carbon matrix to form silicon carbide. A one-shot infiltration is sufficient for the densification of the matrix for this liquid silicon infiltration (LSI) process. Therefore short processing times can be achieved which lead, in addition to the use of commercially available uncoated to carbon fibres and cheap raw materials like phenolics and granules of silicon, to the lowest manufacturing costs of all CMC materials. This paper deals with the fabrication of so-called C/C-SiC composites and with design and cost aspects for the manufacture of C/C-SiC components.

110 citations

Patent
17 Oct 1995
TL;DR: In this article, a method of manufacturing a friction element designed for frictional contact with a body and for use, in particular, in brakes or clutches was proposed. But the method called for a porous carbon block to be produced which approximately matched the shape of the end of the abrasion unit, liquid silicon was infiltrated into the pores of the carbon block and the block was ceramized by initiating a chemical reaction to form silicon carbide.
Abstract: Proposed is a method of manufacturing a friction element designed for frictional contact with a body and for use, in particular, in brakes or clutches. The method calls for a porous carbon block to be produced which approximately matches the shape of the end of the abrasion unit, liquid silicon to be infiltrated into the pores of the carbon block and the block to be ceramized by initiating a chemical reaction to form silicon carbide. In order to further fashion a friction element of this kind to increase its resistance to thermal stresses and so that it is also easy to manufacture, the porous carbon block is shaped, before the silicon is infiltrated into it, in such a way that cavities and/or recesses are formed in certain internal and/or external zones for cooling and/or reinforcement purposes, the cavities and/or recesses retaining essentially the same shape and size after ceramization.

48 citations

01 Jan 2000
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented the successful development of new C/C-SiC composite materials for a commercial application by substituting conventional materials and the adaption of the brake system to the new requirements.
Abstract: In co-operation with an industrial manufacturer of brake systems (Mayr-Antriebstechnik) DLR has investigated new designs of Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMC) for their use in high performance emergency brake systems in fields of mechanical engineering and conveying. These electromagnetic spring applied brakes for braking or holding loads, operate as important safety elements in case of a power failure or an emergency "OFF" situation. The brake system consists of a rotating and two stationary brake disks similar to the heat pack of aircraft brakes. Increasing drive and higher circumferential velocities in modern power transmission necessitate new concepts for emergency brake systems. Conventional emergency brakes with metallic disks and organic friction linings are inapplicable for extreme power input due to the insufficient thermal stability of these braking materials. The use of Carbon/Carbon composites (C/C) for high performance and extremely weight sensitive brake systems is state-of-the-art for aircraft and racing cars. However, C/C composites show high wear rates and an instability of their coefficient of friction caused by humidity and temperature. Long manufacturing times, multiple reinfiltration steps and expensive raw materials lead to very high prices for the finished C/C brake disks. These disadvantages have prevented their application in commercial brake systems like vehicles or mechanical engineering components. By using CMC brake disks, these technical disadvantages of C/C can be avoided and the efficiency and the lifetime of emergency brake systems can be increased. These so called C/C-SiC composites offer high coefficients of friction and low wear rates even at temperatures above 1000 °C. Due to the high friction energy and the resulting high temperatures while braking, the conventional construction of the emergency brake system was modified and adapted to the new C/C-SiC braking material. In various screening tests, different C/C-SiC qualities were tested to get the best compromise of friction and wear behaviour. Presently, emergency brake systems equipped with these new materials are being tested in field trials. In summary, the paper presents the successful development of new C/C-SiC composite materials for a commercial application by substituting conventional materials and the adaption of the brake system to the new requirements, resulting in an advanced braking system of improved tribological characteristics for high performance applications.

9 citations

Trending Questions (1)
Who makes Carquest ceramic brake pads?

In combination with new design approaches cost-efficient manufacturing processes have been developed and have lead to successfully tested prototypes of brake pads and disks, especially for passenger cars and emergency brake systems.