Journal ArticleDOI
Caffeine fatalities—four case reports
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TLDR
It seems to be warranted to include caffeine in the drug-screening of forensic autopsy cases, although it is not motivated from a medical point of view to sell pure caffeine over the counter.About:
This article is published in Forensic Science International.The article was published on 2004-01-06. It has received 134 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Poison control.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Health Effects of Energy Drinks on Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults
TL;DR: Energy drinks have no therapeutic benefit, and many ingredients are understudied and not regulated, and concerns for potentially serious adverse effects in association with energy drink use are raised.
Journal ArticleDOI
Caffeine: Cognitive and Physical Performance Enhancer or Psychoactive Drug?
TL;DR: The present review summarizes the main findings concerning caffeine’s mechanisms of action, use, abuse, dependence, intoxication, and lethal effects, and suggests that the concepts of toxic and lethal doses are relative.
Journal ArticleDOI
Safety issues associated with commercially available energy drinks
TL;DR: The amounts of guarana, taurine, and ginseng found in popular energy drinks are far below the amounts expected to deliver either therapeutic benefits or adverse events, however, caffeine and sugar are present in amounts known to cause a variety of adverse health effects.
Journal ArticleDOI
Systematic review of the potential adverse effects of caffeine consumption in healthy adults, pregnant women, adolescents, and children
Daniele Wikoff,Brian T. Welsh,Rayetta Henderson,Gregory P. Brorby,Janice K. Britt,Esther Myers,Jeffrey J. Goldberger,Harris R. Lieberman,Charles A. O'Brien,Jennifer D. Peck,Milton Tenenbein,Connie M. Weaver,Seneca Harvey,Jonathan D. Urban,Candace Doepker +14 more
TL;DR: The evidence generally supports that consumption of up to 400 mg caffeine/day in healthy adults is not associated with overt, adverse cardiovascular effects, behavioral effects, reproductive and developmental effects, acute effects, or bone status and a shift in caffeine research to focus on characterizing effects in sensitive populations is supported.
References
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Journal Article
Actions of Caffeine in the Brain with Special Reference to Factors That Contribute to Its Widespread Use
TL;DR: Caffeine is the most widely consumed behaviorally active substance in the world and almost all caffeine comes from dietary sources (beverages and food).
Journal ArticleDOI
Dose-Dependent Pharmacokinetics and Psychomotor Effects of Caffeine in Humans
Gary B. Kaplan,David J. Greenblatt,Bruce L. Ehrenberg,Jill E. Goddard,Monette M. Cotreau,Jerold S. Harmatz,Richard I. Shader +6 more
TL;DR: While favorable subjective and performance‐enhancing stimulant effects occur at low to intermediate caffeine doses, the unfavorable subjective and somatic effects, as well as performance disruption, from high doses of caffeine may intrinsically limit the doses of caffeine used in the general population.
Journal ArticleDOI
Drug and chemical blood-level data 2001.
TL;DR: Current blood-level data are presented for drugs and chemicals of toxicologic interest and represent an update of previously published compilations of therapeutic, toxic and lethal blood-levels.
Journal ArticleDOI
A compilation of fatal and control concentrations of drugs in postmortem femoral blood.
Henrik Druid,Per Holmgren +1 more
TL;DR: The data gathered from cases with other cause of death than intoxication constitute a new kind of reference information, which probably offers a better estimate of obviously non fatal levels in postmortem blood than any compilation of therapeutic concentrations in living subjects.
Related Papers (5)
Caffeinated energy drinks--a growing problem.
Cardiac arrest in a young man following excess consumption of caffeinated “energy drinks”
Adam J Berger,Kevin Alford +1 more