Calcium kinetics in cows during late pregnancy, parturition, and early lactation.
01 Nov 1970-American Journal of Physiology (American Physiological Society)-Vol. 219, Iss: 5, pp 1166-1177
About: This article is published in American Journal of Physiology.The article was published on 1970-11-01. It has received 110 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Lactation & Pregnancy.
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TL;DR: Parturient paresis was prevented by feeding a calcium-deficient diet composed of corn silage, ground shelled corn, a dried molasses product, urea, and monosodium phosphate, which supplied only 8g of calcium daily per 450kg body weight.
132 citations
TL;DR: The aim in this Journal of Dairy Science centennial review is to describe the evolution of focus on metabolic indicators, from discovery and description to evaluation at the individual cow and subsequently herd levels, over the past 100 yr.
102 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the associations of subclinical hypocalcemia with milk yield, and feeding, drinking, and resting behavior during the period around calving, using data collected within 24h of calving and analyzed for serum total calcium.
94 citations
TL;DR: The effect of herbage allowance on the consumption of nutrients from herbage and milk production by cows in early lactation, was examined on rainfed perennial ryegrass pastures in south-eastern Victoria, Australia.
Abstract: Summary. The effect of herbage allowance (20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 kg DM/cow. day) on the consumption of nutrients from herbage and milk production by cows in early lactation, was examined. The experiment was conducted on rainfed perennial ryegrass pastures in September and October 1997 in south-eastern Victoria, Australia. The herbage on offer comprised 64% perennial ryegrass, 21% other grasses, 1% white clover, 5% weeds and 9% dead material on a dry matter (DM) basis. The average pregrazing herbage height was 13 cm, at an estimated pregrazing herbage mass of 3.6 t DM/ha. The herbage on offer was of high quality containing 11.6 MJ metabolisable energy/kg DM, 202 g crude protein/kg DM and 525 g neutral detergent fibre/kg DM. Concentrations of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, sulfur and chloride were 4.4, 2.2, 4.4, 31.2, 3.5, 2.7 and 11.4 g/kg DM, respectively. As daily herbage allowance per cow increased, dry matter intake increased curvilinearly (P<0.01) from 11.2 to 18.7 kg DM/cow. day. This was associated with a decrease in utilisation of herbage from 54 to 26% and an increase in milk production from 25.9 to 29.1 kg/cow. day. The cows on all treatments grazed for less than 8.7 h/day. The increase in intake was achieved by an increase in the rate of herbage intake from 1.5 to 2.2 kg DM/h for herbage allowances of 20 and 70 kg/cow.day, respectively. Irrespective of herbage allowance, cows selected a diet that was approximately 10% higher in in vitro dry matter digestibility and 30% higher in crude protein than that in the herbage on offer. The neutral detergent fibre content of the herbage selected was lower (P<0.05) than that on offer. The herbage consumed contained more (P<0.05) magnesium, potassium and sulfur, the same amount of calcium and phosphorus and less (P<0.05) sodium and chloride than the herbage on offer. For rainfed perennial pastures in spring, herbage allowance is an important factor in determining voluntary feed intake and production of dairy cows. To achieve 30 L from herbage, without supplementation, high herbage allowances are required. The increase in herbage intake, with increasing herbage allowance, resulted from an increase in rate of dry matter intake and not an increase in grazing time. No relationship was evident between herbage allowance and the selection differentials for in vitro dry matter digestibility, crude protein and neutral detergent fibre. Selection differentials for rainfed perennial pastures in spring are similar to those reported for irrigated perennial pastures in northern Victoria in spring and autumn. When determining nutrient requirements it is important to consider the interaction between herbage intake and nutrient concentration in the herbage.
93 citations
Cites background from "Calcium kinetics in cows during lat..."
...Although short-term dietary deficiencies in Ca and P can be alleviated by mobilisation of bone mineral stores (Benzie et al. 1959; Ramberg et al. 1970) the adverse effects of Ca and P ‘mining’ from bone would not be seen in the lifetime of the short-term experiment reported here....
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Journal Article•
TL;DR: Different reference limits for precalving and postcalving dairy cows should be determined for biochemical analytes to ensure appropriate interpretation of results.
Abstract: Since dairy cows during the transition period have multiple endocrine and metabolic changes, it is necessary to determine the reference limits of laboratory analytes in normal transition cows. Reference limits for the weeks before and after calving were determined in dairy cows. Animals that had adverse clinical outcomes after calving and cows that were culled or had mastitis within the first 7 days after calving were excluded. All biochemical analytes (beta-hydroxybutyrate, fatty acids, glucose, cholesterol, urea, calcium, and phosphorus) were statistically different between precalving and postcalving groups. The hematological analytes were not significantly different except for eosinophils. The data from precalving and postcalving cows were significantly different from reference limits in a university-associated laboratory derived from early- and mid-lactation cows. Different reference limits for precalving and postcalving dairy cows should be determined for biochemical analytes to ensure appropriate interpretation of results.
90 citations
Cites background from "Calcium kinetics in cows during lat..."
...As an example, calcium drops in the 2–3 d around calving due to the onset of colostrum/milk production (27)....
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