Calibration and verification of areal surface texture measuring instruments
TL;DR: The calibration and verification infrastructure to support areal surface texture measurement and characterisation will be reviewed and the concept and current infrastructure for determining the metrological characteristics of instruments will be highlighted.
About: This article is published in CIRP Annals.The article was published on 2015-01-01. It has received 91 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Traceability.
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TL;DR: Error separation algorithms for removing machine tool errors, which is specially required in on-machine and in-process surface metrology, are overviewed, followed by a discussion on calibration and traceability.
232 citations
TL;DR: The infrastructure under development for specification standards in AM is presented, and the research on geometrical dimensioning and tolerancing for AM is reviewed, and post-process metrology is covered, including the measurement of surface form, texture and internal features.
177 citations
TL;DR: This paper reviews recent developments of non-contact three-dimensional (3D) surface metrology using an active structured optical probe and discusses principles of each technology, and its advantageous characteristics as well as limitations.
Abstract: This paper reviews recent developments of non-contact three-dimensional (3D) surface metrology using an active structured optical probe. We focus primarily on those active non-contact 3D surface measurement techniques that could be applicable to the manufacturing industry. We discuss principles of each technology, and its advantageous characteristics as well as limitations. Towards the end, we discuss our perspectives on the current technological challenges in designing and implementing these methods in practical applications.
109 citations
01 Nov 2019-Precision Engineering-journal of The International Societies for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology
TL;DR: The development of X-ray CT metrology is described, beginning with a historical overview that spans the discovery ofX-rays to the invention of CAT scan and focuses with greater detail on its expansion toward industrial dimensional measurements.
Abstract: X-ray computed tomography (also referred to as X-ray CT, CAT scan, or simply ‘CT’) is a technological advancement with expanding applications, from medical imaging and nondestructive evaluation to, more recently, dimensional metrology. The CT technique is now used to measure a specimen's geometrical dimensions (of both internal and external features). As a result, CT presently contributes to dimensional inspection and geometric analysis for technology companies spanning a variety of industries such as aerospace, automotive, electronics, medical devices, plastic components, metalworking, and additive manufacturing (one of the main drivers presently pushing the use of CT for dimensional measurement). For medical diagnoses or other qualitative analyses that depend mainly on feature recognition dimensional accuracy is not necessary. In contrast, for precision engineering applications accurate dimensional measurement is the essence of X-ray CT metrology. This article describes the development of X-ray CT metrology beginning with a historical overview that spans the discovery of X-rays to the invention of CAT scan and focuses with greater detail on its expansion toward industrial dimensional measurements. Following this overview is a brief review of the current state of the art of the technology—specifically focused on issues of metrology—and of the present standardization efforts in the design of acceptance tests for evaluating the metrological performance of X-ray CT. As of writing, the CT metrology technique is still evolving with several technical issues yet to be resolved, in particular, to find better ways of expressing uncertainties associated with CT dimensional measurements. Supported by data indicating a growing commercial/industrial market, this technology appears to be in an ‘early adoption’ phase.
109 citations
TL;DR: This paper analyzes and discusses convergence and underlying science and engineering of well proven natural strategies of surface textures and their effective synthetic implementation in engineered products.
74 citations
References
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01 Jan 2014
TL;DR: An overview of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) can be found in this paper, where the authors describe the ISO standards most relevant in a clinical laboratory service setting, as well as the process for obtaining and maintaining ISO certification.
Abstract: This chapter provides an overview of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Operating since 1947, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is a nongovernmental association consisting of representatives from over 150 countries, one member per country. The increased credibility associated with ISO certification leads to many advantages that include decreased operating expenses stemming from scrap and rework, and enhanced management control through management review participation. The chapter describes the ISO standards most relevant in a clinical laboratory service setting. The quality standards in the ISO 9000 family focus on quality management and include quality-management system (QMS) requirements that are general for the manufacturing and service industries. The ISO 9001 standard requires extensive interpretation, while ISO 15189 is an international standard specifically developed for medical laboratories, although it may be of relevance to such disciplines as clinical physiology and medical imaging. The chapter describes the process for obtaining and maintaining ISO certification. ISO certification can be an attractive credential for a clinical laboratory. The College of American Pathologists (CAP) continues to play a role in the development of the ISO 15189 standard and, since 2008, has been a certifying body for this standard. The certification process is followed by ongoing maintenance of the QMS by the laboratory, as well as surveillance audits performed by the certifying body.
3,992 citations
30 Dec 2004
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15 Jun 2002
TL;DR: In this article, an integrated approach to the assessment of 3D micro-topography is presented. Butler et al. present a detailed analysis of the effects of quantization on 3D topography characterisation.
Abstract: 1. Updating introduction to this revised reprint 2. An integrated approach to the assessment of 3-D micro-topography 3. Techniques and fidelity of data collection 4. Measurement strategy of the stylus instrument 5. Effects of stylus geometry and loading 6. Fidelity of the measurement datum 7. The selection of sampling conditions 8. Specification for a unified data file format 9. Reference for 3-D topography characterisation 10. Digital filtering of 3-D surface topography 11. Characterisation techniques 12. Parameters for characterising 3-D surfaces 13. The effects of quantisation on 3-D topography characterisation 14. Functional characterisation of engineering surfaces 15. Calibration of surface topography instruments.
656 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors report the advances in the state of the art considering the relationships between the properties of functional surfaces, their applications and the technologies to engineer surfaces, and their applications in many advanced fields, such as: electronics, information technology, energy, optics, tribology, biology and biomimetics.
593 citations