Caméras portatives sur policiers : état de la situation au Canada
01 Jan 2021-Vol. 54, Iss: 1, pp 41-67
TL;DR: In this article, a revue de la portee (scoping review) of 28-etudes was presented, focusing on the use of cameras in the police in Canada.
Abstract: Les cameras portatives sont aujourd’hui considerees comme le nouvel outil ayant le potentiel de transformer la police. Celles-ci sont percues comme une solution pour : 1) augmenter la transparence, la reddition des comptes et la legitimite de la police ; 2) ameliorer l’efficacite des enquetes ; et 3) rehausser la securite des citoyens et des policiers. Or, les resultats du corpus d’etudes evaluant les effets reels de ces cameras sont, d’une part, mitiges, d’autre part, majoritairement americains. Le contexte social et legal canadien etant different de celui des Etats-Unis, les resultats americains ne sont pas necessairement transposables au Canada. Quelques evaluations canadiennes sont toutefois disponibles pour guider la prise de decisions relatives aux cameras portatives sur policiers au Canada. L’objectif du present article est donc de proposer une revue de la portee (scoping review) de 28 etudes sur les cameras portatives menees au Canada entre 2010 et 2021 et ayant souleve des enjeux de legitimite et d’efficacite de la police. Les constats sont divises en trois sections distinctes : 1) les bonnes pratiques en matiere d’utilisation des cameras portatives dans les organisations policieres canadiennes ; 2) le contraste entre les attentes a l’egard de cet outil et son reel potentiel ; et 3) les enjeux et limites associes a cet outil. Alors que l’article met en lumiere certains effets positifs des cameras portatives, une reflexion est entamee quant a leur plus-value a la lumiere de leurs enjeux et limites.
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TL;DR: The purpose of this article is to clearly describe the differences in indications between scoping reviews and systematic reviews and to provide guidance for when a scoping review is (and is not) appropriate.
Abstract: Scoping reviews are a relatively new approach to evidence synthesis and currently there exists little guidance regarding the decision to choose between a systematic review or scoping review approach when synthesising evidence. The purpose of this article is to clearly describe the differences in indications between scoping reviews and systematic reviews and to provide guidance for when a scoping review is (and is not) appropriate. Researchers may conduct scoping reviews instead of systematic reviews where the purpose of the review is to identify knowledge gaps, scope a body of literature, clarify concepts or to investigate research conduct. While useful in their own right, scoping reviews may also be helpful precursors to systematic reviews and can be used to confirm the relevance of inclusion criteria and potential questions. Scoping reviews are a useful tool in the ever increasing arsenal of evidence synthesis approaches. Although conducted for different purposes compared to systematic reviews, scoping reviews still require rigorous and transparent methods in their conduct to ensure that the results are trustworthy. Our hope is that with clear guidance available regarding whether to conduct a scoping review or a systematic review, there will be less scoping reviews being performed for inappropriate indications better served by a systematic review, and vice-versa.
3,945 citations
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01 Jan 1990TL;DR: This paper found that people obey the law if they believe it's legitimate, not because they fear punishment, which is the conclusion of Tom Tyler's classic study, "People obey law primarily because they believe in respecting legitimate authority".
Abstract: People obey the law if they believe it's legitimate, not because they fear punishment--this is the startling conclusion of Tom Tyler's classic study. Tyler suggests that lawmakers and law enforcers would do much better to make legal systems worthy of respect than to try to instill fear of punishment. He finds that people obey law primarily because they believe in respecting legitimate authority. In his fascinating new afterword, Tyler brings his book up to date by reporting on new research into the relative importance of legal legitimacy and deterrence, and reflects on changes in his own thinking since his book was first published.
3,783 citations
01 Jan 2008
TL;DR: The authors explored the influence of personal experience with the police on legitimacy and cooperation and found that experiencing procedural justice during a personal experience increases legitimacy, irrespective of the favorability of the outcome.
Abstract: Past research indicates that legitimacy encourages compliance with the law. This study extends consideration of the influence of legitimacy by exploring its impact on cooperation with the police and with neighbors to combat crime in one’s community. It uses a panel study design and focuses upon the residents of New York City. The study finds that legitimacy shapes cooperation with the police and has a lesser influence on cooperation with others in the community. Consistent with the findings of prior research, legitimacy itself is found to be linked to the justice of the procedures used by the police to exercise their authority. Finally, the study explores the influence of personal experience with the police on legitimacy and cooperation. Results suggest that experiencing procedural justice during a personal experience increases legitimacy, irrespective of the favorability of the outcome. These results suggest that the police can generally enhance their legitimacy by using fair procedures.
815 citations
TL;DR: Using wearable computing devices to perform "sousveillance" (inverse surveillance) as a counter to organizational surveillance generates new kinds of information in a social surveillance situation.
Abstract: This paper describes using wearable computing devices to perform "sousveillance" (inverse surveillance) as a counter to organizational surveillance. A variety of wearable computing devices generated different kinds of responses, and allowed for the collection of data in different situations. Visible sousveillance often evoked counter-performances by front-line surveillance workers. The juxtaposition of sousveillance with surveillance generates new kinds of information in a social surveillance situation.
594 citations
TL;DR: The question is: do body-worn-cameras reduce the prevalence of use-of-force and/or citizens’ complaints against the police?
Abstract: Police use-of-force continues to be a major source of international concern, inviting interest from academics and practitioners alike Whether justified or unnecessary/excessive, the exercise of power by the police can potentially tarnish their relationship with the community Police misconduct can translate into complaints against the police, which carry large economic and social costs The question we try to answer is: do body-worn-cameras reduce the prevalence of use-of-force and/or citizens’ complaints against the police? We empirically tested the use of body-worn-cameras by measuring the effect of videotaping police–public encounters on incidents of police use-of-force and complaints, in randomized-controlled settings Over 12 months, we randomly-assigned officers to “experimental-shifts” during which they were equipped with body-worn HD cameras that recorded all contacts with the public and to “control-shifts” without the cameras (n = 988) We nominally defined use-of-force, both unnecessary/excessive and reasonable, as a non-desirable response in police–public encounters We estimate the causal effect of the use of body-worn-videos on the two outcome variables using both between-group differences using a Poisson regression model as well as before-after estimates using interrupted time-series analyses
We found that the likelihood of force being used in control conditions were roughly twice those in experimental conditions Similarly, a pre/post analysis of use-of-force and complaints data also support this result: the number of complaints filed against officers dropped from 07 complaints per 1,000 contacts to 007 per 1,000 contacts We discuss the findings in terms of theory, research methods, policy and future avenues of research on body-worn-videos
447 citations