Campylobacter enteritis: a "new" disease.
TL;DR: Campylobacters are a relatively unrecognised cause of acute enteritis, but these findings suggest that they may be a common cause, and poultry may be the primary source of the organism.
Abstract: By selective culture campylobacters (C jejuni and C coli) were isolated from the faeces of 57 (7-1%) out of 803 unselected patients with diarrhoea; none were isolated from 194 people who had not got diarrhoea. Specific agglutinins were found in the sera of 31 out of 38 patients with campylobacter enteritis and 10 of them had a rising titre. Half the patients were aged 15 to 44 years, but the incidence was highest in young children. All the patients with campylobacters had a distinctive clinical illness with severe abdominal pain. Campylobacters are a relatively unrecognised cause of acute enteritis, but these findings suggest that they may be a common cause. Spread of infection was observed within 12 out of 29 households, and in these cases children were usually implicated. Several patients were apparently infected from chickens, both live and dressed, and poultry may be the primary source of the organism. In two cases dogs with diarrhoea were found to be infected with strains indistinguishable from their human contacts. Ten patients acquired their infections while travelling abroad.
Citations
More filters
TL;DR: This review focuses on the microbiological, clinical, immunological, and biochemical aspects of the pathogenesis of H. pylori, which represents a key factor in the etiology of various gastrointestinal diseases.
Abstract: Helicobacter pylori is the first formally recognized bacterial carcinogen and is one of the most successful human pathogens, as over half of the world's population is colonized with this gram-negative bacterium. Unless treated, colonization usually persists lifelong. H. pylori infection represents a key factor in the etiology of various gastrointestinal diseases, ranging from chronic active gastritis without clinical symptoms to peptic ulceration, gastric adenocarcinoma, and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Disease outcome is the result of the complex interplay between the host and the bacterium. Host immune gene polymorphisms and gastric acid secretion largely determine the bacterium's ability to colonize a specific gastric niche. Bacterial virulence factors such as the cytotoxin-associated gene pathogenicity island-encoded protein CagA and the vacuolating cytotoxin VacA aid in this colonization of the gastric mucosa and subsequently seem to modulate the host's immune system. This review focuses on the microbiological, clinical, immunological, and biochemical aspects of the pathogenesis of H. pylori.
2,246 citations
TL;DR: Overall, campylobacteriosis is still one of the most important infectious diseases that is likely to challenge global health in the years to come.
Abstract: Campylobacter jejuni infection is one of the most widespread infectious diseases of the last century. The incidence and prevalence of campylobacteriosis have increased in both developed and developing countries over the last 10 years. The dramatic increase in North America, Europe, and Australia is alarming, and data from parts of Africa, Asia, and the Middle East indicate that campylobacteriosis is endemic in these areas, especially in children. In addition to C. jejuni, there is increasing recognition of the clinical importance of emerging Campylobacter species, including Campylobacter concisus and Campylobacter ureolyticus. Poultry is a major reservoir and source of transmission of campylobacteriosis to humans. Other risk factors include consumption of animal products and water, contact with animals, and international travel. Strategic implementation of multifaceted biocontrol measures to reduce the transmission of this group of pathogens is paramount for public health. Overall, campylobacteriosis is still one of the most important infectious diseases that is likely to challenge global health in the years to come. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the global epidemiology, transmission, and clinical relevance of Campylobacter infection.
987 citations
TL;DR: Antigenic materials were extracted from Campylobacter fetus subsp.
Abstract: Antigenic materials were extracted from Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni strains by heating bacterial suspensions in saline at 100 degrees C and by exposure to ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. The antigens were heat stable at 100 degrees C, capable of sensitizing sheep erythrocytes for agglutination in antisera, and able to elicit production of specific antibody in rabbits; they occurred with different immunological specificities in 23 strains. Antisera against the 23 strains could be used for discriminating among isolates of the species when the passive hemagglutination technique was used for serotyping. Three serotypes were more common than others among a collection of human isolates.
672 citations
Cites background from "Campylobacter enteritis: a "new" di..."
...jejuni organisms are gram-negative bacteria that have been implicated as infectious agents causing gastroenteritis in humans (3-7, 14, 16)....
[...]
TL;DR: Results suggest that E. coli O157:H7 was the causative agent of illness in the two outbreaks of hemorrhagic colitis, a newly recognized syndrome characterized by bloody diarrhea, severe abdominal pain, and little or no fever in 1982.
Abstract: Two outbreaks of hemorrhagic colitis, a newly recognized syndrome characterized by bloody diarrhea, severe abdominal pain, and little or no fever, occurred in 1982. No previously recognized pathogens were recovered from stool specimens from persons in either outbreak. However, a rare E. coli serotype, O157:H7, was isolated from 9 of 20 cases and from no controls. It was also recovered from a meat patty from the implicated lot eaten by persons in one outbreak. No recovery of this organism was made from stools collected 7 or more days after onset of illness; whereas 9 of 12 culture-positive stools had been collected within 4 days of onset of illness. The isolate was not invasive or toxigenic by standard tests, and all strains has a unique biotype. Plasmid profile analysis indicates that all outbreak-associated E. coli O157:H7 isolates are closely related. These results suggest that E. coli O157:H7 was the causative agent of illness in the two outbreaks. Images
619 citations
Cites methods from "Campylobacter enteritis: a "new" di..."
...For Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus, Skirrow's selective medium (31) was used....
[...]
TL;DR: A review of available information leads to the conclusion that an oral vaccine consisting of a combination of antigens, intending to stimulate both antibacterial and antitoxic immunity, would be most likely to succeed.
597 citations
References
More filters
TL;DR: The results suggest that in all cases of diarrhea where standard coprocultures remain negative, stools should be checked for the presence of vibrio.
Abstract: Strains of the related vibrio were isolated from two patients with acute enteritisThe vibrios were isolated from blood and stool of one patient and from the stool of the other The isolation technique consists of diluting the stools in nutrient broth, letting them settle for 1 hr, centrifuging the supernatant, and passing the surface liquid through a 065-p Millipore filter This filtrate (03 ml) is plated on a blood-thioglycolate-agar medium containing 25 international units of bacitracin, 10 international units of polymyxin B sulfate, 0005 mg of novobiocin, and 005 mg of ac-tidione per ml Colonies are well developed after incubation for three days at 37 C in an atmosphere from which two-thirds of the volume of air has been replaced by a mixture of 95% nitrogen and 5% carbon dioxide The results suggest that in all cases of diarrhea where standard coprocultures remain negative, stools should be checked for the presence of vibrio © 1972 by the University of Chicago
327 citations
TL;DR: A systematic search for vibrio in the stools of 1,000 children without diarrhea revealed 13 carriers, and by means of a filtration technique for coproculture, relatively easy to isolate related vibrios from stool samples, using a medium containing antibiotics.
318 citations
TL;DR: The bacteriologic and serologic reactions of V. fetus strains isolated from seven additional human infections, and reports of four cases of infection caused by a closely related vibrio species designated hereafter as 1'related vibrios.
Abstract: Received for publication March 26, 1957. The author wishes to acknowledge with thanks the help given by Dr. Donald S. Martin in the preparation of this manuscript. the bacteriologic and serologic reactions of V. fetus strains isolated from seven additional human infections. The symptomatology of the previously reported cases of blood stream infections and the seven new cases of V. fetus infections in humans is presented briefly in table 2. Also included are reports of four cases of infection caused by a closely related vibrio species designated hereafter as 1'related vibrios.'' The epidemiology of the disease in animals is discussed in
273 citations
Journal Article•
216 citations
104 citations