Cancer chemoprevention by dietary polyphenols: promising role for epigenetics.
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...However, a dichotomy exists between polyphenols’ antioxidant effects in normal cells, and their potential pro-oxidant effects in cancer cells [154,188]....
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...The latter is potentially important in designing novel therapies for pancreatic cancer as it leads to the reversal of epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenotype thus preventing metastasis [86]....
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...and MutL homolog 1 (MLH1) in a concentration- and time-dependent manner; it is the most promising and potent modulator of histone markers in cancer cells; and it modifies the expressions of 61 miRNAs [86]....
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...In addition to modification of methylation, genistein possesses other epigenetic activities like histone modifying activity (highest among isoflavones) and regulation of the miRNA expression as well [11,71,86]....
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...EGCG has the ability to inhibit DNA and RNA synthesis and to alter DNA methylation through interaction with folic acid metabolism [86] and through inhibition of topoisomerase I activity [82]....
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...Similarly to EGCG and genistein, rosmarinic acid proves to be a potent inhibitor of DNMT1 activity and decreases its levels in nuclear extracts from breast cancer cells, however, it is not able to demethylate and reactivate known hypermethylated genes [86]....
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479 citations
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...Flavonoids have dual action regarding ROS ho eostasis—they act as antioxidants under normal conditions and are potent pro-oxidants in cancer cells triggering the apoptotic pathways [53,54] (Figure 9)....
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...Flavonoids have dual action regarding ROS homeostasis—they act as antioxidants under normal conditions and are potent pro-oxidants in cancer cells triggering the apoptotic pathways [53,54] (Figure 9)....
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References
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"Cancer chemoprevention by dietary p..." refers background in this paper
...The majority of these modifications take place at lysine, arginine and serine residues within the histone tails and regulate key cellular processes such as transcription, replication and repair [31]....
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...For instance, tri-methylation of lysine 4 on histone H3 (H3K4me3) is enriched at transcriptionally active gene promoters [32], whereas tri-methylation of H3K9 (H3K9me3) and H3K27 (H3K27me3) is present at transcriptionally repressed promoters [31]....
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...The N-terminal histone tails are the major sites for post-translational modifications including methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, ribosylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation and biotinylation [31]....
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7,841 citations
"Cancer chemoprevention by dietary p..." refers background in this paper
...The histone tails comprise of a globular C-terminal domain and an unstructured N-terminal tail [30]....
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6,691 citations
"Cancer chemoprevention by dietary p..." refers background in this paper
...centromeric repeats, LINE and ALU retrotransposon elements) [13]....
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6,282 citations
5,760 citations
"Cancer chemoprevention by dietary p..." refers background in this paper
...Therefore, disease susceptibility is clearly a result of complex interplay between one’s genetic endowment and epigenetic marks imprinted on one’s genome by endogenous and exogenous factors [10]....
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