Cancer Incidence in Five Continents
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Cites background from "Cancer Incidence in Five Continents..."
...in many countries in South America, Africa, and Asia.(25) The reasons are not completely understood but likely reflect changing reproductive patterns, increasing obesity, decreasing physical activity,(26) and some breast cancer screening activity....
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...Rates are low in Africa and South-Central Asia....
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...Nearly 90% of cervical cancer deaths occurred in developing parts of the world: 60,100 deaths in Africa, 28,600 in Latin America and the Caribbean, and 144,400 in Asia....
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...Global Cancer Statistics, 2012 92 CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians in many countries in South America, Africa, and Asia.25 The reasons are not completely understood but likely reflect changing reproductive patterns, increasing obesity, decreasing physical activity,26 and some breast cancer screening activity.14 Mortality rates in these countries are also increasing,27 most likely due to lifestyle changes associated with westernization compounded by the delayed introduction of effective breast cancer screening programs and, in some cases, limited access to treatment.27,28 Maintaining a healthy body weight, increasing physical activity, and minimizing alcohol intake are the best available strategies to reduce the risk of developing breast cancer.29 Mammography can often detect breast cancer at an early stage, when treatment is more effective and a cure is more likely....
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...In the highest-risk area, often referred to as the “esophageal cancer belt,” which stretches from Northern Iran through the Central Asian republics to North-Central China, 90% of cases are squamous cell carcinomas, compared with about 26% in the United States (among white individuals).83,99,100 In high-risk areas such as Golestan (Iran) and Linxan (China), contributing risk factors are not well understood, but are thought to include poor nutritional status, low intake of fruits and vegetables, and drinking beverages at high temperatures.101-104 HPV infection has been detected in squamous cell carcinomas, particularly in highrisk areas in Asia....
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"Cancer Incidence in Five Continents..." refers methods in this paper
...Since the suggested classification for testis (ICD 178) did not allow for cancers of mixed histological type, the practice adopted was to assign mixed tumours to the supposed highest order of malignancy (Dixon and Moore, 1952) unless otherwise explained in a footnote....
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