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Journal ArticleDOI

Cancer statistics, 2016

01 Jan 2016-CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (American Cancer Society)-Vol. 66, Iss: 1, pp 7-30
TL;DR: Overall cancer incidence trends are stable in women, but declining by 3.1% per year in men, much of which is because of recent rapid declines in prostate cancer diagnoses, and brain cancer has surpassed leukemia as the leading cause of cancer death among children and adolescents.
Abstract: Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the numbers of new cancer cases and deaths that will occur in the United States in the current year and compiles the most recent data on cancer incidence, mortality, and survival. Incidence data were collected by the National Cancer Institute (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results [SEER] Program), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (National Program of Cancer Registries), and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries. Mortality data were collected by the National Center for Health Statistics. In 2016, 1,685,210 new cancer cases and 595,690 cancer deaths are projected to occur in the United States. Overall cancer incidence trends (13 oldest SEER registries) are stable in women, but declining by 3.1% per year in men (from 2009-2012), much of which is because of recent rapid declines in prostate cancer diagnoses. The cancer death rate has dropped by 23% since 1991, translating to more than 1.7 million deaths averted through 2012. Despite this progress, death rates are increasing for cancers of the liver, pancreas, and uterine corpus, and cancer is now the leading cause of death in 21 states, primarily due to exceptionally large reductions in death from heart disease. Among children and adolescents (aged birth-19 years), brain cancer has surpassed leukemia as the leading cause of cancer death because of the dramatic therapeutic advances against leukemia. Accelerating progress against cancer requires both increased national investment in cancer research and the application of existing cancer control knowledge across all segments of the population.

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23 Aug 2019
TL;DR: Using a metabolomics approach, recent research supports that the cytochrome P450 (CYP) monooxygenase/soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH)-mediated eicosanoid pathway could play critical roles in the pathogenesis of CRC and obesity-associated CRC.
Abstract: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Furthermore, it is well established that obese individuals have high risks of developing CRC, and obesity-associated CRC represents an unmet medical problem in the United States. Using a metabolomics approach, our recent research supports that the cytochrome P450 (CYP) monooxygenase/soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH)-mediated eicosanoid pathway could play critical roles in the pathogenesis of CRC and obesity-associated CRC. Here in this review, we discuss recent studies about the roles of the CYP/sEH eicosanoid pathway in the pathogenesis of these diseases.

6 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Tumor shrinkage rate after neoadjuvant treatment in non-small cell lung cancer is a predictive factor for pathological complete response and survival of patients with a pathologicalcomplete response is also significantly longer than unresponsive patients.
Abstract: Background This study aims to investigate the factors associated with pathological complete response following neoadjuvant treatment and to examine the prognostic value of pathological complete response in patients with non-small cell lung cancer undergoing surgical resection. Methods Between February 2009 and January 2016, a total of 112 patients (96 males, 16 females; mean age 60±8 years; range, 37 to 85 years) with the diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer who underwent anatomical pulmonary resection after neoadjuvant treatment were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic, clinical, radiological, and pathological characteristics of the patients were recorded. The patients were classified as pathological complete response and nonpathological complete response according to the presence of tumors in the pathology reports. Predictive factors for pathological complete response and its prognostic significance were analyzed. Results The mean follow-up was 35±20 (range, 0 to 110) months. Of the patients, 30 (27%) achieved a pathological complete response. Reduction rate in tumor size was significantly higher in the responsive group (32.5±21.6% vs. 19.2±18.8%, respectively) and was a predictor of pathological complete response independent from the T and N factors (p=0.004). Survival of the responsive patients was significantly longer than unresponsive patients (75±9 vs. 30±4 months, respectively; p<0.001). During follow-up, tumor recurrence was seen in 30 patients. Recurrence was observed in only one patient in the responsive group, while 29 patients in the unresponsive group had recurrence or metastasis. Conclusion Tumor shrinkage rate after neoadjuvant treatment in non-small cell lung cancer is a predictive factor for pathological complete response. Survival of patients with a pathological complete response is also significantly longer than unresponsive patients.

6 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Investigation of the relationship between dosimetric factors, including Lyman normal-tissue complication (NTCP) parameters and radiation-induced lung injury (RILI), in postoperative breast cancer patients treated by intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) demonstrated that ipsilateral lung V20 was an independent predictor of RILI.
Abstract: // Zhi-Rui Zhou 1,2,3,* , Qing Han 3,* , Shi-Xiong Liang 3,4 , Xiao-Dong He 4 , Nu-Yun Cao 5 and Ying-Jie Zi 3 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R.China 2 Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R.China 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P.R.China 4 Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R.China 5 College of Mathematics and Information Science, Guangxi University, Nanning, P.R.China * These authors have contributed equally to this paper Correspondence to: Shi-Xiong Liang, email: // Keywords : intensity modulated radiotherapy; normal tissue complication probability; radiation-induced lung injury; breast cancer Received : September 16, 2016 Accepted : October 24, 2016 Published : October 28, 2016 Abstract To investigate the relationship between dosimetric factors, including Lyman normal-tissue complication (NTCP) parameters and radiation-induced lung injury (RILI), in postoperative breast cancer patients treated by intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). 109 breast cancer patients who received IMRT between January 2012 and December 2013 were prospectively enrolled. A maximum likelihood analysis yielded the best estimates for Lyman NTCP parameters. Ten patients were diagnosed with RILI (primarily Grade 1 or Grade 2 RILI); the rate of RILI was 9.17% (10/109). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that ipsilateral lung V 20 was an independent predictor ( P =0.001) of RILI. Setting V 20 =29.03% as the cut-off value, the prediction of RILI achieved high accuracy (94.5%), with a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 96%. The NTCP model parameters for 109 patients were m=0.437, n =0.912, and TD 50 (1)=17.211 Gy. The sensitivity of the modified Lyman NTCP model to predict the RILI was 90% (9/10), the specificity was 69.7% (69/99), and the accuracy was 71.6% (78/109). The RILI rate of the NTCP 9.62% in patients with breast cancer was 23.08% (9/39), ( P =0.001). In conclusion, V 20 is an independent predictive factor for RILI in patients with breast cancer treated by IMRT; V 20 =29.03% could be a useful dosimetric parameter to predict the risk of RILI. The Lyman NTCP model parameters of the new value (m=0.437, n =0.912, TD50 (1) =17.211 Gy) can be used as an effective biological index to evaluate the risk of RILI.

6 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The risk of secondary GC is high among young women diagnosed with lobular BC, and more studies investigating the etiology and prevalence of familial GC syndromes at the population-level are needed.

6 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: Presentation of MM in Iran which is a developing country, was significantly different from developed countries, and vincristine-adriamycin-dexamethasone (VAD) therapy was an inferior protocol compared to bortezomib as first and second lines.
Abstract: Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) accounts for a substantial mortality rate among hematological cancers. The prognosis of the disease has been noticeably changed during the past 2 decades. This study reports a retrospective analysis of 345 MM cases from 2 cancer centers. Methods: Medical records of 345 MM cases were analyzed in retrospect. Diagnosis of MM was defined in presence of at least 10% plasma cells in bone marrow biopsy and one of the CRAB findings (hypercalcemia, renal failure, anemia and myeloma bone lesions). Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier method, and the effects of prognostic variables were assessed by Cox proportional hazards model. Results: The mean age of the patients was 61.98 ± 11.44 years. Comparing to Mayo Clinic series, our patients were relatively younger and suffered from more advanced disease. By a median follow up time of 45 months, 1- and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 78.0% and 35.6%, respectively. Regarding first progression free survival (PFS1), similar rates of 57.7% and 17.0% were observed respectively. In multivariate analysis, hypercalcemia (corrected serum calcium >11 mg/dL), pancytopenia and elevated serum creatinine (Cr) (>2 mg/dL) were found to be independent prognostic factors affecting OS. Conclusion: Presentation of MM in Iran which is a developing country, was significantly different from developed countries. This finding might be generalized to other developing countries as well. In addition, vincristine-adriamycin-dexamethasone (VAD) therapy was an inferior protocol compared to bortezomib as first and second lines. Furthermore, pancytopenia was observed in about 9% of the patients and was an independent prognosticator of the disease.

6 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Screening with the use of low-dose CT reduces mortality from lung cancer, as compared with the radiography group, and the rate of death from any cause was reduced.
Abstract: Background The aggressive and heterogeneous nature of lung cancer has thwarted efforts to reduce mortality from this cancer through the use of screening. The advent of low-dose helical computed tomography (CT) altered the landscape of lung-cancer screening, with studies indicating that low-dose CT detects many tumors at early stages. The National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) was conducted to determine whether screening with low-dose CT could reduce mortality from lung cancer. Methods From August 2002 through April 2004, we enrolled 53,454 persons at high risk for lung cancer at 33 U.S. medical centers. Participants were randomly assigned to undergo three annual screenings with either low-dose CT (26,722 participants) or single-view posteroanterior chest radiography (26,732). Data were collected on cases of lung cancer and deaths from lung cancer that occurred through December 31, 2009. Results The rate of adherence to screening was more than 90%. The rate of positive screening tests was 24.2% with low-dose CT and 6.9% with radiography over all three rounds. A total of 96.4% of the positive screening results in the low-dose CT group and 94.5% in the radiography group were false positive results. The incidence of lung cancer was 645 cases per 100,000 person-years (1060 cancers) in the low-dose CT group, as compared with 572 cases per 100,000 person-years (941 cancers) in the radiography group (rate ratio, 1.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03 to 1.23). There were 247 deaths from lung cancer per 100,000 person-years in the low-dose CT group and 309 deaths per 100,000 person-years in the radiography group, representing a relative reduction in mortality from lung cancer with low-dose CT screening of 20.0% (95% CI, 6.8 to 26.7; P=0.004). The rate of death from any cause was reduced in the low-dose CT group, as compared with the radiography group, by 6.7% (95% CI, 1.2 to 13.6; P=0.02). Conclusions Screening with the use of low-dose CT reduces mortality from lung cancer. (Funded by the National Cancer Institute; National Lung Screening Trial ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00047385.).

7,710 citations

01 Jan 2006

7,442 citations


"Cancer statistics, 2016" refers background or methods in this paper

  • ...for leukemia and from 57% to 74% for brain and other nervous system tumors.(8)...

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  • ...each down about 50% as a result of improvements in early detection and treatment.(8,33,52,53) Lung cancer death rates...

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  • ...registries combined) among both men and women for some leukemia subtypes and for cancers of the tongue, tonsil, small intestine, liver, pancreas, kidney, renal pelvis, and thyroid.(8) In addition, incidence rates increased in men for melanoma; myeloma; and cancers of the breast, testis, and oropharynx....

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  • ...Joinpoint is a tool used to describe and quantify trends by fitting observed rates to lines connected at “joinpoints” where trends change in direction or magnitude.(8,26) The overall incidence rate in women has remained stable since 1998, but has declined in men by 3....

    [...]

  • ...Cancers of the brain and other nervous system are the second most common cancer type (26%), followed by soft tissue sarcomas (7%, almost one-half of which are rhabdomyosarcoma), neuroblastoma (6%), non-Hodgkin lymphomas, including Burkitt lymphoma (6%), renal (Wilms) tumors (5%), and Hodgkin lymphomas (3%).(8) Cancers in adolescents (aged 15 to 19 years) differ somewhat from those in children in terms of type and distribution....

    [...]

01 Jan 2014
TL;DR: The scientific evidence is incontrovertible: inhaling tobacco smoke, particularly from cigarettes, is deadly.
Abstract: The scientific evidence is incontrovertible: inhaling tobacco smoke, particularly from cigarettes, is deadly. Since the first Surgeon General’s Report in 1964, evidence has linked smoking to diseases of nearly all organs of the body. • In the United States, smoking causes 87 percent of lung cancer deaths, 32 percent of coronary heart disease deaths, and 79 percent of all cases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

5,061 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A joinpoint regression model is applied to describe continuous changes in the recent trend and the grid-search method is used to fit the regression function with unknown joinpoints assuming constant variance and uncorrelated errors.
Abstract: The identification of changes in the recent trend is an important issue in the analysis of cancer mortality and incidence data. We apply a joinpoint regression model to describe such continuous changes and use the grid-search method to fit the regression function with unknown joinpoints assuming constant variance and uncorrelated errors. We find the number of significant joinpoints by performing several permutation tests, each of which has a correct significance level asymptotically. Each p-value is found using Monte Carlo methods, and the overall asymptotic significance level is maintained through a Bonferroni correction. These tests are extended to the situation with non-constant variance to handle rates with Poisson variation and possibly autocorrelated errors. The performance of these tests are studied via simulations and the tests are applied to U.S. prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates.

3,950 citations

Book
01 Jun 1990
TL;DR: This list of diseases for oncology includes cancers of the central nervous system, as well as other types of diseases such as lymphoma, leukaemia, and so on.
Abstract: International classification of diseases for oncology : , International classification of diseases for oncology : , کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران

3,776 citations

Trending Questions (3)
Which are the current statistics for cancer?

The paper provides statistics for cancer in the United States in 2016, including an estimated 1,685,210 new cancer cases and 595,690 cancer deaths. It also mentions declining cancer incidence in men and a 23% drop in the cancer death rate since 1991.

Cancer servic statistic

The provided paper is about cancer statistics in the United States. However, it does not provide specific information about "cancer service statistics."

Which are the statistics for cancer today?

The paper provides statistics for cancer in the United States in 2016, including an estimated 1,685,210 new cancer cases and 595,690 cancer deaths.