Cannabidiol (CBD) Oil Does Not Display an Entourage Effect in Reducing Cancer Cell Viability in vitro.
Wesley M. Raup-Konsavage,Nurgul Carkaci-Salli,Kelly Greenland,Robert Gearhart,Kent E. Vrana +4 more
- Vol. 3, Iss: 2, pp 95-102
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It was found that pure CBD was as potent or more potent at reducing cancer cell viability as the most potent oil tested, suggesting that there is no “entourage” effect under these specific in vitro conditions.Abstract:
Introduction Several studies have found that cannabinoids, particularly delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol (CBD), have the ability to reduce cancer cell viability. An ongoing debate regarding the use of medical Cannabis revolves around the effectiveness of pure compounds versus intact plant material for treatment. Proponents for the use of intact plant material or botanical extracts argue that there is a synergistic effect between the different cannabinoids, terpenoids, and flavonoids; this is commonly referred to as the "entourage effect." Our study was designed to test the validity of the proposed entourage effect in a narrow application using a cancer cell viability model. Materials and methods Six cancer cell lines, from 3 different types of human cancer were treated with 10 μM pure CBD or 10 μM CBD from hemp (Cannabis sativa) oil (obtained from 3 different commercial sources) for 48 h, and cell viability was measured with the MTS assay. Dose-response curves were then performed to compare the potencies of pure CBD to CBD oils. CBD concentrations were independently confirmed in the commercial oils, and cannabinoid and terpene composition were also compared. Results CBD (10 μM) was able to reduce cell viability in 3 of the 6 cell lines tested, and this was found to be cell line specific and not specific to select cancers. None of the CBD oils tested were able to reduce viability to a greater extent than that of pure CBD. Additionally, dose-response curves found lower IC50 values for pure CBD compared to the most potent CBD oil tested. Interestingly, some oils actually appeared to protect cancer cells from the effects of CBD. Conclusions We found that pure CBD was as potent or more potent at reducing cancer cell viability as the most potent oil tested, suggesting that there is no "entourage" effect under these specific in vitro conditions.read more
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TL;DR: In this paper , a systematic review examined the biological effects of CBD, a major component of therapeutic Cannabis, on human pathological and cancer cell populations of integumentary, gastro-intestinal, genital and breast, respiratory, nervous, haematopoietic and skeletal districts in terms of cell viability, proliferation, migration, apoptosis, inflammation, metastasis, and CBD receptor expression.
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TL;DR: In this article , the effectiveness of pure compounds versus extracts is the subject of an ongoing debate, and the authors demonstrate that CBD-rich hemp extracts must be distinguished from THC-rich cannabis preparations.
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An entourage effect: inactive endogenous fatty acid glycerol esters enhance 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol cannabinoid activity.
Shimon Ben-Shabat,Ester Fride,Tzviel Sheskin,Tsippy Tamiri,Man Hee Rhee,Zvi Vogel,Tiziana Bisogno,Luciano De Petrocellis,Vincenzo Di Marzo,Raphael Mechoulam +9 more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Antitumor Activity of Plant Cannabinoids with Emphasis on the Effect of Cannabidiol on Human Breast Carcinoma
Alessia Ligresti,Aniello Schiano Moriello,Katarzyna Starowicz,Isabel Matias,Simona Pisanti,Luciano De Petrocellis,Chiara Laezza,Giuseppe Portella,Maurizio Bifulco,Vincenzo Di Marzo +9 more
TL;DR: Results obtained in a panel of tumor cell lines clearly indicate that, of the five natural compounds tested, cannabidiol is the most potent inhibitor of cancer cell growth, with significantly lower potency in noncancer cells.