Cannabinoids for sars-cov-2 and is there evidence of their therapeutic efficacy?
Ahmet Onay,Abdulselam Ertas,Veysel Süzerer,Ismail Yener,Mustafa Yilmaz,Emine Ayaz-Tilkat,Remzi Ekinci,Nesrin Bozhan,Sevgi Irtegun-Kandemir +8 more
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TLDR
All preclinic and clinic studies that have been reported show that, through the cannabinoid system, cannabinoids, particularly CBD, have many mechanisms that are effective in the treatment of patients infected by SARS-CoV-2, especially in cancer and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV/AIDS) patients.Abstract:
To combat the coronaviruses and their novel variants, therapeutic drugs and the development of vaccines that are to be effective throughout human life are urgently needed. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) acts as a modulator in the activation of the microcirculation, immune system, and autonomic nervous system, along with controlling pharmacological functions such as emotional responses, homeostasis, motor functions, cognition, and motivation. The ECS contains endogenous cannabinoids, cannabinoid receptor (CBRs), and enzymes that regulate their biosynthesis, transport, and degradation. Moreover, phytocannabinoids and synthetic cannabinoids that mimic the action of endocannabinoids also play an essential role in the modulation of the ECS. Cannabinoids, the main constituents of cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.), are therapeutic compounds that have received international attention in the health field due to their therapeutic properties. Recently, they have been tested for the treatment of COVID-19 due to their antiviral properties. Indeed, cannabinoid-type compounds, and in particular cannabidiol (CBD), isolated from glandular trichomes found in the calyx of cannabis flowers with reported antiviral properties is hypothesized to be a therapeutic option in the ministration of SARS-CoV-2 consorted with COVID-19 disease. The relevant articles were determined from the database search published mainly in Web of Science, Google scholar, PubMed, Crossref, and ClinicalTrials.gov database during the pandemic period. The articles were evaluated for the therapeutic potentials, mechanisms of action of cannabinoids, the roles of the ECS in the immune system, impact of cannabinoids in SARS-CoV-2 septic, especially if they address the application of cannabinoids as drugs for the curability and management of SARS-CoV-2 and its novel variants. Although the evidence needed to be considered using cannabinoids in the control and treatment of viral diseases is currently in its infancy, they already offer an opportunity for clinicians due to their effects in relieving pain, improving appetite, and improving childhood epilepsy, especially in cancer and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV/AIDS) patients. In addition to these, the most recent scientific evidence emphasizes their use in the treatment of the coronavirus infected patients. In brief, all preclinic and clinic studies that have been reported show that, through the cannabinoid system, cannabinoids, particularly CBD, have many mechanisms that are effective in the treatment of patients infected by SARS-CoV-2. Thus, more extensive studies are necessary in this area to fully identify the effects of cannabinoids on SARS-CoV-2.read more
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Anti-Inflammatory and Antiviral Effects of Cannabinoids in Inhibiting and Preventing SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Michał Graczyk,Xinrui Cao +1 more
TL;DR: In this article , the authors present a narrative review of the current knowledge in this area available in the PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science medical databases, emphasizing the role of all of the plant's compounds and the entourage effect.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cannabidiol and Terpene Formulation Reducing SARS-CoV-2 Infectivity Tackling a Therapeutic Strategy
Susana Santos,Pedro Barata,Adília Januário Charmier,Ines Lehmann,Suzilaine Rodrigues,Matteo Maria Melosini,P. Pais,Andre Gustavo P. Sousa,Catarina Teixeira,Inês A. Santos,Ana Catarina Rocha,Pilar Baylina,Rúben Fernandes +12 more
TL;DR: To the best of the knowledge, this is the first approach that tackles the combination of CBD with a specific group of terpenes against SARS-CoV-2 in different cell lines, demonstrating the virucide effectiveness of CBD and terpene-based formulations.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Species Problem in Cannabis: Science and Semantics. 1979
Charles B. Heiser,Ernest Small +1 more
Journal ArticleDOI
Cannabidiol and SARS-CoV-2 Infection
TL;DR: It is hypothesized that CBD may counteract the inflammatory process of SARS-CoV-2 by its interactions with both ACE2 and the interplay between the WNT/β-catenin pathway and PPARγ.
Posted ContentDOI
Cannabis potential effects to prevent or attenuate SARS-COV2 contagion
P. Herrera-Gómez,L. F. Echeveri-Catano,Y. A. Ruiz Colorado,S. Giraldo Galeano,Alberto Vélez van Meerbeke +4 more
TL;DR: Results suggest a relation between any type of cannabis use and a lower risk of SARS-COV-2 contagion, and the urge to expand the understanding on cannabinoids potential use on human controlled studies, that can better arm us in the fight against the current COVID-19 pandemic.
References
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Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China
Chaolin Huang,Yeming Wang,Xingwang Li,Lili Ren,Jianping Zhao,Yi Hu,Li Zhang,Guohui Fan,Jiuyang Xu,Xiaoying Gu,Zhenshun Cheng,Ting Yu,Jia'an Xia,Yuan Wei,Wenjuan Wu,Xuelei Xie,Wen Yin,Li Hui,Min Liu,Yan Xiao,Hong Gao,Li Guo,Jungang Xie,Guang-Fa Wang,Rongmeng Jiang,Zhancheng Gao,Qi Jin,Jianwei Wang,Bin Cao +28 more
TL;DR: The epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics and treatment and clinical outcomes of patients with laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection in Wuhan, China, were reported.
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Xiaobo Yang,Yuan Yu,Jiqian Xu,Huaqing Shu,Jia'an Xia,Hong Liu,Hong Liu,Yongran Wu,Lu Zhang,Zhui Yu,Minghao Fang,Ting Yu,Yaxin Wang,Shangwen Pan,Xiaojing Zou,Shiying Yuan,You Shang,You Shang +17 more
TL;DR: The clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of Wuhan Jin Yin-tan hospital between late December, 2019 and Jan 26, 2020 are described.
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Isolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor
William A. Devane,Lumir Hanus,Aviva Breuer,Roger G. Pertwee,Lesley A. Stevenson,Graeme Griffin,Dan Gibson,Asher Mandelbaum,A. Etinger,Raphael Mechoulam +9 more
TL;DR: In this article, an arachidonylethanthanolamide (anandamide) was identified in a screen for endogenous ligands for the cannabinoid receptor and its structure was determined by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and confirmed by synthesis.
Journal ArticleDOI
The trinity of COVID-19: immunity, inflammation and intervention.
Matthew Zirui Tay,Chek Meng Poh,Laurent Rénia,Laurent Rénia,Paul A. MacAry,Lisa F. P. Ng,Lisa F. P. Ng,Lisa F. P. Ng +7 more
TL;DR: The interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with the immune system and the subsequent contribution of dysfunctional immune responses to disease progression is described and the implications of these approaches for potential therapeutic interventions that target viral infection and/or immunoregulation are highlighted.
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COVID-19 infection: Origin, transmission, and characteristics of human coronaviruses
Muhammad Adnan Shereen,Muhammad Adnan Shereen,Suliman Khan,Abeer Kazmi,Nadia Bashir,Rabeea Siddique +5 more
TL;DR: The approaches for developing effective vaccines and therapeutic combinations to cope with this viral outbreak are discussed and the emergence and pathogenicity of COVID-19 infection and previous human coronaviruses severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and middle east respiratory virus (MERS- coV) is analyzed.