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Journal ArticleDOI

Capital-labor substitution and economic efficiency

TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a method to improve the quality of the service provided by the service provider by using the information of the user's interaction with the provider and the provider.
Abstract: Обсуждаются следующие темы: чистая теория производства, функциональное распределение дохода, технический прогресс, источники международных конкурентных преимуществ. Анализируются эластичность замещения между трудом и капиталом в обрабатывающей промышленности; производственные функции различного типа.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide an empirical test of the strong-factor-intensity hypothesis among U.S. Census regions, based on a test based on regional, rather than international, data.
Abstract: T HE so-called strong-factor-intensity hypothesis is a crucial element in both the Heckscher-Ohlin theory of comparative advantage and the ancillary factor-price-equalization theorem which was deduced by Heckscher (1919) and developed fully by Samuelson (1948, 1949). In view of its central role in these two theories, it is important to have some notion of the empirical content of the hypothesis. Accordingly, this paper provides an empirical test of the hypothesis among U.S. Census regions. It seems that a test based upon regional, rather than international,' data is preferable on at least two grounds (see Sec. III).

16 citations

Dissertation
25 Jan 2011
TL;DR: In this paper, a land use module for the applied economic model NEMESIS is developed for the EU countries by using agricultural land supply and demand but also an modelling of urban land use.
Abstract: This thesis aims to develop a land use module for the applied economic model NEMESIS which is a detailed model for European Union. This dissertation also proposes the use of the land use module with the NEMESIS model in order to analyse the effects of European policies especially their economic and land use impact. The first chapter describes, on one hand, the construction of a database on land use and, on another hand, explain the development of a land use module for the EU countries by using agricultural land supply and demand but also an modelling of urban land use. The second chapter regards, using two applications, the problem of scenario construction in applied modelling. A first scenario, constructed with an extrapolating approach, is presented and analysed. This scenario is also used as reference scenario for the assessment of European policies. A second application shows four scenario developed using an imaginative approach i.e. assuming different possibilities for the future change in main drivers. The third chapter presents and describes the functioning of four linked models which is used for the economic and environmental assessment of a European agriculture liberalisation with re-allocation of released funds either by consumer tax rebate or a subsidy to R&D investments. The linked models included (i) the NEMESIS model, (ii) the CAPRI model a detailed agricultural model, (iii) the EFISCEN model, a forest resource management model and(iv) the Dyna-CLUE model, a detailed model for land use allocation. Finally, the last chapter presents, after the construction of indicators about nutrient use in agriculture, the economic assessment of two European policies: firstly, a biodiversity conservation policy in forest area or in agricultural land and secondly a biofuel development policy at European level.

16 citations


Cites background from "Capital-labor substitution and econ..."

  • ...1961 [18]), are adjusted to set croplands price....

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  • ...These land supplies coupled with the land demand, resulting of a nested Constant Elasticity of Substitution (CES) function (Arrow et al. 1961 [18]), are adjusted to set croplands price....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The table algorithm is presented and applied in the least-squares estimation of the parameters of a CES production function and proved to be easy and accurate.

16 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a generalized production function (GPFGF) was proposed to provide variable returns to scale as well as a variable elasticity of substitution (VES) of substitution, where the elasticity is linearly dependent on the input ratio.
Abstract: Theoretical and empirical works dealing with production functions have found it convenient, if not a necessity, to work with specific parametric forms. Beginning with the early Leontief and Cobb-Douglas forms, successive generalizations of the form of a production function first allowed constant elasticities of substitution (CES) other than zero or unity (K. J. Arrow, H. Chenery, B. S. Minhas, R. Solow [1]) and then introduced the variable elasticity of substitution (VES) form in which the elasticity of substitution is linearly dependent on the input ratio (Y. Lu and L. B. Fletcher [7]) or on time (R. Sato and R. F. Hoffman [12]). A generalized production function (GPF) modification by use of a composite function approach provides variable returns to scale as well as a variable elasticity of substitution (A. Zellner and R. S. Revankar [14]). Recently K. R. Kadiyala [6] has pointed out a direct generalization of the familiar CobbDouglas and CES functions which contains both as special cases. In addition, the KRK function allows for a more general variable elasticity of substitution and thus provides added flexibility to earlier VES modifications. Aside from its theoretical features the KRK function presents the possibility for a

16 citations


Cites background from "Capital-labor substitution and econ..."

  • ...Solow [1]) and then introduced the variable elasticity of substitution (VES) form in which the elasticity of substitution is linearly dependent on the input ratio (Y....

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  • ...The new point is then x*+- = xk + - (y - xk), with r E [0, 1] insuring the feasibility of xk+l as well as f(xk+l) > f(xk)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors consider the application of econometric general equilibrium modeling to the U.S., the economy that has been studied most intensively, and the framework for their analysis is provided by the Intertemporal General Equilibrium Model.

16 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a method to improve the performance of the system by using the information of the user's interaction with the system and the system itself, including the interaction between the two parties.
Abstract: В статье производится анализ агрегированной производственной функции, вводится аппарат, позволяющий различать движение вдоль такой функции от ее сдвигов. На основании сделанных в статье предположений делаются выводы о характере технического прогресса и технологических изменений. Существенное внимание уделяется вариантам применения концепции агрегированной производственной функции.

10,850 citations

Journal ArticleDOI

3,961 citations

Book
01 Jan 1956
TL;DR: In this paper, a very brief treatment of three questions relating to the history of our economic growth since the Civil War is given, namely: (1) How large has been the net increase of aggregate output per capita, and to what extent has this increase been obtained as a result of greater labor or capital input on the one hand and of a rise in productivity on the other? (2) Is there evidence of retardation, or conceivably acceleration, in the growth of per capita output? (3) Have there been fluctuations in the rate of growth of output, apart
Abstract: Introduction This paper is a very brief treatment of three questions relating to the history of our economic growth since the Civil War: (1) How large has been the net increase of aggregate output per capita, and to what extent has this increase been obtained as a result of greater labor or capital input on the one hand and of a rise in productivity on the other? (2) Is there evidence of retardation, or conceivably acceleration, in the growth of per capita output? (3) Have there been fluctuations in the rate of growth of output, apart from the shortterm fluctuations of business cycles, and, if so, what is the significance of these swings? The answers to these three questions, to the extent that they can be given, represent, of course, only a tiny fraction of the historical experience relevant to the problems of growth. Even so, anyone acquainted with their complexity will realize that no one of them, much less all three, can be treated satisfactorily in a short space. I shall have to pronounce upon them somewhat arbitrarily. My ability to deal with them at all is a reflection of one of the more important, though one of the less obvious, of the many aspects of our growing wealth, namely, the accumulation of historical statistics in this country during the last generation. For the most part, the figures which I present or which underlie my qualitative statements are taken directly from tables of estimates of national product, labor force, productivity, and the like compiled by others.

1,031 citations

Book
01 Jan 1938

926 citations